Enzymes
Product List
PPA Yeast
Inorganic Pyrophosphatase Yeast Recombinant
PPA Yeast Recombinant produced in E.Coli is a single, non-glycosylated polypeptide chain containing 286 amino acids and having a molecular mass of 35kDa.
Inorganic Pyrophosphatase is purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.
PPA1 Human
Pyrophosphatase-1 Human Recombinant
PPA1 is fused to a 24 amino acid His-tag at N-terminus & purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.
PPA2 Human
Pyrophosphatase-2 Human Recombinant
PPA2 is fused to a 23 amino acid His-tag at N-terminus & purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.
PPM1A Human
Protein Phosphatase 1A Alpha Isoform Human Recombinant
PPM1A Human Recombinant produced in E.Coli is a single, non-glycosylated polypeptide chain containing 418 amino acids (1-382a.a) and having a molecular mass of 46.6kDa.
PPM1A is fused to a 36 amino acid His-tag at N-terminus & purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.
PPM1D Human
Protein Phosphatase 1D Human Recombinant
PPM1D is fused to a 20 amino acid His-tag at N-terminus & purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.
ACP1 Human
Acid Phosphatase-1 Human Recombinant
ACP2 Human
Acid Phosphatase-2 Human Recombinant
ACP2 Human Recombinant produced in E.Coli is a single, non-glycosylated
polypeptide chain containing 373 amino acids (31-380 a.a.) and having a
molecular mass of 42.9kDa.
ACP5 Human
Acid Phosphatase-5 Human Recombinant
ACP5 is purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.
ACP5 Human, His
Acid Phosphatase-5 Human Recombinant, His Tag
ACP5 Human Recombinant produced in Sf9 Baculovirus cells is a single, glycosylated polypeptide chain containing 310 amino acids (22-325 a.a) and having a molecular mass of 35.1kDa.
ACP5 is fused to a 6 amino acid His-tag at C-terminus & purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.
ACP6 Human
Acid Phosphatase-6 Human Recombinant
Introduction
Phosphatases are a group of enzymes that catalyze the removal of phosphate groups from molecules, a process known as dephosphorylation. They play a crucial role in various cellular processes by regulating the phosphorylation state of proteins and other molecules. Phosphatases are broadly classified into two main categories:
- Protein Phosphatases: These enzymes specifically target phosphorylated amino acid residues in proteins. They are further divided into:
- Serine/Threonine Phosphatases: Target serine or threonine residues.
- Tyrosine Phosphatases: Target tyrosine residues.
- Dual-Specificity Phosphatases: Can target both serine/threonine and tyrosine residues.
- Non-Protein Phosphatases: These enzymes act on non-protein substrates, such as nucleotides, sugars, and lipids.
Key Biological Properties:
- Catalytic Activity: Phosphatases hydrolyze phosphate esters, releasing inorganic phosphate.
- Substrate Specificity: They exhibit specificity for their substrates, which can be proteins, nucleotides, or other molecules.
Expression Patterns:
- Phosphatases are ubiquitously expressed in various tissues and cell types, with specific isoforms showing distinct expression patterns.
Tissue Distribution:
- Protein Phosphatases: Widely distributed across tissues, with high expression in the brain, liver, and muscles.
- Non-Protein Phosphatases: Found in various tissues, depending on their specific substrates.
Primary Biological Functions:
- Regulation of Signal Transduction: Phosphatases modulate signaling pathways by dephosphorylating key signaling molecules.
- Cell Cycle Control: They play a role in cell cycle progression by regulating the phosphorylation state of cell cycle proteins.
- Metabolic Regulation: Phosphatases are involved in metabolic pathways by dephosphorylating metabolic enzymes.
Role in Immune Responses:
- Phosphatases regulate immune cell activation and function by modulating signaling pathways involved in immune responses.
Pathogen Recognition:
- Some phosphatases are involved in recognizing and responding to pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs), contributing to the immune defense.
Mechanisms with Other Molecules and Cells:
- Phosphatases interact with various molecules, including proteins, lipids, and nucleotides, to exert their dephosphorylation activity.
Binding Partners:
- They often form complexes with other proteins, which can regulate their activity and substrate specificity.
Downstream Signaling Cascades:
- By dephosphorylating key signaling molecules, phosphatases influence downstream signaling pathways, affecting cellular responses such as proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis.
Regulatory Mechanisms:
- Transcriptional Regulation: The expression of phosphatases is regulated at the transcriptional level by various transcription factors and signaling pathways.
- Post-Translational Modifications: Phosphatases themselves can be regulated by post-translational modifications, such as phosphorylation, ubiquitination, and methylation, which can alter their activity, stability, and localization.
Biomedical Research:
- Phosphatases are studied to understand their role in various diseases, including cancer, diabetes, and neurodegenerative disorders.
Diagnostic Tools:
- Phosphatase activity assays are used in diagnostic tests to measure enzyme activity in biological samples, aiding in the diagnosis of certain diseases.
Therapeutic Strategies:
- Inhibitors of specific phosphatases are being developed as potential therapeutic agents for diseases where phosphatase activity is dysregulated.
Role Throughout the Life Cycle:
- Development: Phosphatases are involved in embryonic development by regulating signaling pathways that control cell differentiation and tissue formation.
- Aging: Changes in phosphatase activity have been associated with aging and age-related diseases, such as Alzheimer’s disease.
- Disease: Dysregulation of phosphatase activity is implicated in various diseases, including cancer, where altered phosphorylation states can lead to uncontrolled cell growth and proliferation.
