Cytokines
Product List
RELM a Mouse
RELM-alpha Mouse Recombinant
RELM a Mouse, His
RELM-Alpha Mouse Recombinant, His Tag
RELM b Human
RELM-Beta Human Recombinant
RELM-b is purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.
RELM b Human, His
RELM-Beta Human Recombinant, His Tag
RELM b Mouse
RELM-Beta Mouse Recombinant
The Mouse RETNLB is purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.
RELM g Mouse
RELM-Gamma Mouse Recombinant
RELM g Mouse Recombinant produced in E.Coli is a non glycosylated, homodimeric polypeptide chain containing 2 x 89 amino acids and having a total molecular mass of 18.9kDa.
The RELM is purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.
Escherichia Coli.
RELM g Mouse, His
RELM-Gamma Mouse Recombinant, His Tag
Resistin Human
Resistin Human Recombinant
Resistin Human Recombinant produced in e.coli is a homodimeric, non-glycosylated, polypeptide chain containing 2 x 93 amino acids and having a total molecular weight of 19.7kDa.
The Resistin Human Recombinant protein is purified by standard chromatographic techniques.
Filtered White lyophilized (freeze-dried) powder.
Resistin Human, HEK
Resistin Human Recombinant, HEK
Resistin Human Recombinant produced in HEK293 cells is a single, glycosylated polypeptide chain (19-108 a.a) containing 96 amino acids and having a molecular mass of 10.3 kDa.
Resistin is fused to a 6 amino acid His-tag at C-terminus & purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.
Resistin Human, His
Resistin Human Recombinant, His Tag
The Resistin is purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.
Introduction
Resistin, also known as adipose tissue-specific secretory factor (ADSF) or C/EBP-epsilon-regulated myeloid-specific secreted cysteine-rich protein (XCP1), is a cysteine-rich peptide hormone derived from adipose tissue. In humans, it is encoded by the RETN gene located on chromosome 19 . Resistin belongs to the family of resistin-like molecules (RELMs), which also includes RELMα, RELMβ, and RELMγ .
Key Biological Properties: Resistin is a cysteine-rich protein with a molecular weight of approximately 12.5 kDa. It consists of 108 amino acids in humans and 114 amino acids in mice .
Expression Patterns and Tissue Distribution: In humans, resistin is predominantly expressed in immune cells such as monocytes and macrophages, while in rodents, it is primarily secreted by adipocytes . Resistin is found in various tissues, including bone marrow, spleen, and blood .
Primary Biological Functions: Resistin plays a significant role in regulating glucose metabolism, lipid metabolism, and insulin resistance . It is also involved in inflammatory processes and has been linked to chronic inflammatory diseases, metabolic diseases, infectious diseases, and cancers .
Role in Immune Responses and Pathogen Recognition: Resistin functions as a host defense peptide of innate immunity, exhibiting wide-spectrum antimicrobial activity and modulating immune responses . It limits microbial product-induced inflammation and plays a regulatory role in chronic inflammatory diseases .
Mechanisms with Other Molecules and Cells: Resistin interacts with various molecules and cells, including endothelial cells, smooth muscle cells, and immune cells . It influences several biological processes such as inflammation, endothelial dysfunction, thrombosis, and angiogenesis .
Binding Partners and Downstream Signaling Cascades: Resistin binds to receptors on target cells, activating signaling pathways such as the NF-κB pathway, which leads to the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines like interleukin-1 (IL-1), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) . It also affects the phosphorylation state of enzymes like AMPK, influencing glucose metabolism .
Transcriptional Regulation: Resistin expression is regulated by various transcription factors, including PPARγ and C/EBP . These factors influence the transcriptional events leading to the production of resistin in different tissues.
Post-Translational Modifications: Resistin undergoes post-translational modifications that affect its stability and activity. These modifications include disulfide bond formation, which is crucial for its structural integrity and function .
Biomedical Research: Resistin is extensively studied for its role in metabolic diseases, particularly type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and obesity . It serves as a biomarker for these conditions and is used to understand the underlying mechanisms of insulin resistance .
Diagnostic Tools: Resistin levels are measured in clinical settings to diagnose and monitor inflammatory diseases and metabolic disorders . It is also explored as a potential diagnostic biomarker for sepsis .
Therapeutic Strategies: Targeting resistin and its signaling pathways is considered a therapeutic strategy for treating metabolic and inflammatory diseases. Inhibitors of resistin activity are being developed to improve insulin sensitivity and reduce inflammation .
Development to Aging and Disease: Resistin plays a role throughout the life cycle, from development to aging. It is involved in energy homeostasis, glucose and lipid metabolism, and immune responses . Elevated resistin levels are associated with aging-related diseases such as T2DM, cardiovascular diseases, and chronic inflammatory conditions .
