Cytokines
Product List
Acrp30 (108-244) Human
Adiponectin (108-244 a.a.) Human Recombinant
Acrp30 is fused to a 21 amino acid His-tag at N-terminus & purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.
Acrp30 Human, HEK
Adiponectin Human Recombinant, HEK
Acrp30 Human, His
Adiponectin Human Recombinant, His tag
Acrp30 Human, HMW
Adiponectin glycosylated Human Recombinant, HMW Rich
Adiponectin Human Recombinant HMW Rich produced in HEK cells is a single, glycosylated, polypeptide chain (19-244) containing a total of 226 amino acids, having a molecular mass of 24.6kDa (calculated). Human Acrp30 HMW Rich migrates on SDS-PAGE under non-reducing conditions at ~ 884 kDa.
Acrp30 Human, Sf9
Adiponectin Human Recombinant, Sf9
Acrp30 Human Recombinant produced in Sf9 Baculovirus cells is a single, glycosylated polypeptide chain containing 146 amino acids (106-242a.a.) and having a molecular mass of 16.9kDa. (Molecular size on SDS-PAGE will appear at approximately 13.5-18kDa). Acrp30 is expressed with a 6 amino acid His tag at C-Terminus and purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.
Acrp30 Human, Trimeric
Adiponectin Human Recombinant, Trimeric form
Acrp30 Mouse
Adiponectin Mouse Recombinant
Acrp30 Mouse Recombinant is a single, glycosylated polypeptide chain containing 230 amino acids (18-247a.a) and having a molecular mass of 24.9kDa (calculated).
HEK293 cells.
Acrp30 Mouse, HEK
Adiponectin Mouse Recombinant, HEK
Acrp30 Mouse, His
Adiponectin Mouse Recombinant, His Tag
Acrp30 Mouse, Trimeric
Adiponectin Mouse Recombinant, Trimeric form
The cysteine 39 was replaced with alanine (C39A) 9. mAd-C39A can only form trimer, but not hexamer or HMW form.
Introduction
Adiponectin is a protein hormone and adipokine primarily produced by adipose tissue. It plays a crucial role in regulating glucose levels and fatty acid breakdown. Adiponectin is classified as an adipokine, a type of cytokine secreted by adipose tissue, and is involved in various metabolic processes .
Key Biological Properties: Adiponectin is known for its insulin-sensitizing and anti-inflammatory effects. It circulates in high concentrations in human plasma and exists in three major forms: trimers, hexamers, and high-molecular-weight (HMW) complexes .
Expression Patterns and Tissue Distribution: Adiponectin is primarily produced by adipocytes in white adipose tissue but is also expressed in skeletal muscle cells, heart muscle cells, and endothelial cells . It is found in various tissues, including subcutaneous fat, visceral fat, and bone marrow fat .
Primary Biological Functions: Adiponectin plays a significant role in enhancing insulin sensitivity, reducing inflammation, and protecting against atherosclerosis. It also promotes fatty acid oxidation and glucose uptake in skeletal muscle .
Role in Immune Responses and Pathogen Recognition: Adiponectin modulates immune responses by interacting with macrophages and monocytes, key components of the innate immune system. It has anti-inflammatory properties and can influence the production of inflammatory cytokines .
Mechanisms with Other Molecules and Cells: Adiponectin exerts its effects by binding to specific receptors, AdipoR1 and AdipoR2, present in various tissues such as muscle and liver . It stimulates glucose uptake and utilization in skeletal muscles and enhances fatty acid oxidation in the liver .
Binding Partners and Downstream Signaling Cascades: Adiponectin activates several signaling pathways, including AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARα), which play crucial roles in metabolic regulation .
Control of Expression and Activity: The expression and activity of adiponectin are regulated by various hormones, including insulin, insulin-like growth factor (IGF-1), growth hormone (GH), and leptin . These hormones influence adiponectin synthesis and release from adipose tissue .
Transcriptional Regulation and Post-Translational Modifications: Adiponectin gene expression is regulated at the transcriptional level by factors such as PPARγ. Post-translational modifications, including glycosylation, are essential for the proper folding and secretion of adiponectin .
Biomedical Research: Adiponectin is extensively studied for its role in metabolic diseases, including obesity, type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular disease. It serves as a biomarker for diagnosing these conditions and monitoring the effectiveness of treatments .
Diagnostic Tools and Therapeutic Strategies: Adiponectin levels are measured in clinical settings to assess metabolic health. Therapeutic strategies targeting adiponectin pathways are being explored to develop treatments for metabolic disorders .
Development to Aging and Disease: Adiponectin levels vary throughout the life cycle. They are typically higher in lean individuals and decrease with obesity and aging. Low adiponectin levels are associated with increased risk of metabolic diseases, including type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease .
Adiponectin plays a protective role in various stages of life, contributing to metabolic homeostasis and reducing inflammation. Its role in aging and disease highlights its potential as a therapeutic target for age-related metabolic disorders .
