Cytokines
Product List
Apo D Human
Apolipoprotein-D Human Recombinant
The protein a.a sequence corresponds to the UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot entry P05090.
The Following gene modifications were made:
Trp99His, Cys116Ser, Ile118Ser, Leu120Ser amino acids exchanges were introduced at the surface of Apolipoprotein-D to enhance the protein’s solubility and another three Leu23Pro, Pro133Val, Asn134Ala amino acids exchanges which facilitate its genetic manipulation. The Apolipoprotein-D is purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.
APO D Human, GST
APO-D Human Recombinant, GST Tag
The APO-D is purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.
APOA1
Apolipoprotein A-I Human
APOA1 Human
Apolipoprotein A-I Human Recombinant
Apolipoprotein A-I Human Recombinant produced in E.coli is a single, non-glycosylated polypeptide chain containing 243 amino acids and having a molecular mass of 28.1kDa.
The APOA1 is purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.
APOA1 Human, His
Apolipoprotein A-I Human Recombinant, His Tag
APOA1 Mouse
Apolipoprotein A-I Mouse Recombinant
APOA1 is fused to a 23 amino acid His-tag at N-terminus & purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.
APOA5 Human
Apolipoprotein A-V Human Recombinant
APOA5 is fused to a 23 amino acid His-tag at N-terminus & purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.
APOA5 Human, HEK
Apolipoprotein A-V Human Recombinant, HEK
Filtered White lyophilized (freeze-dried) powder.
APOB Human
Apolipoprotein-B Human
Human APOB produced from Human plasma having a molecular mass of 550 kDa.
Human Plasma.
Sterile Filtered lyophilized (freeze-dried) powder.
APOC1 Human
Apolipoprotein C-I Human Recombinant
Introduction
Apolipoproteins are proteins that bind lipids (oil-soluble substances such as fats, cholesterol, and fat-soluble vitamins) to form lipoproteins . They play a crucial role in the transport of lipids in blood, cerebrospinal fluid, and lymph . Apolipoproteins are classified into several classes designated by letters, such as A, B, C, D, and E, with specific class members typically identified by a number . For example, Apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I) is the major structural protein component of high-density lipoproteins (HDL) .
Key Biological Properties: Apolipoproteins have amphipathic properties, allowing them to stabilize lipoprotein structure and solubilize lipid components . They also serve as enzyme cofactors for specific enzymes involved in lipid metabolism .
Expression Patterns and Tissue Distribution: Apolipoproteins are primarily synthesized in the liver and intestines . For instance, ApoA-I is mainly produced in the liver and intestines, while ApoE is synthesized in the liver and brain .
Primary Biological Functions: Apolipoproteins are essential for lipid transport and metabolism . They stabilize lipoprotein particles, serve as enzyme cofactors, and act as ligands for lipoprotein receptors .
Role in Immune Responses and Pathogen Recognition: Apolipoproteins, such as ApoA-I, have anti-inflammatory properties and can modulate immune cell functions . They also play a role in pathogen recognition and clearance .
Mechanisms with Other Molecules and Cells: Apolipoproteins interact with lipoprotein receptors and lipid transport proteins, facilitating lipoprotein uptake and clearance . They also serve as enzyme cofactors for lipid metabolism .
Binding Partners and Downstream Signaling Cascades: Apolipoproteins bind to various receptors, such as the low-density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor, and initiate downstream signaling cascades that regulate lipid metabolism .
Regulatory Mechanisms Controlling Expression and Activity: Apolipoprotein synthesis is regulated by dietary composition, hormones (insulin, glucagon, thyroxin, estrogens, androgens), alcohol intake, and various drugs (statins, niacin, and fibric acids) .
Transcriptional Regulation and Post-Translational Modifications: Transcription of apolipoproteins is controlled by promoter and enhancer elements, as well as epigenetic mechanisms . Post-translational modifications, such as glycosylation, also play a role in their function .
Biomedical Research: Apolipoproteins are studied for their roles in lipid metabolism, cardiovascular diseases, and neurodegenerative disorders .
Diagnostic Tools: Apolipoproteins, such as ApoA-I and ApoB, are used as biomarkers for cardiovascular risk assessment .
Therapeutic Strategies: Apolipoprotein mimetics and gene therapy are being explored as potential treatments for cardiovascular and inflammatory diseases .
Role Throughout the Life Cycle: Apolipoproteins play a critical role in lipid metabolism from development to aging . They are involved in various physiological processes, including brain development, immune responses, and maintenance of lipid homeostasis .
In Aging and Disease: Dysregulation of apolipoproteins is associated with age-related diseases, such as atherosclerosis, Alzheimer’s disease, and metabolic disorders .
