Cytokines
Product List
OTOR Human
Otoraplin Human Recombinant
The OTOR is purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.
OTOR Human, His
Otoraplin Human Recombinant, His Tag
Introduction
Otoraplin, also known as OTOR, FDP, or MIAL1, is a protein encoded by the OTOR gene located on chromosome 20 in humans . It belongs to the melanoma-inhibiting activity (MIA) gene family and is secreted via the Golgi apparatus . Otoraplin is primarily involved in cartilage development and maintenance .
Key Biological Properties: Otoraplin is a secreted cytokine and a member of the MIA/OTOR family, which includes proteins like MIA, MIA2, and TANGO . It shares a Src homology-3 (SH3)-like domain with these proteins .
Expression Patterns: The OTOR gene is expressed in various tissues, with high expression levels in the cochlea, gonad, ventricular system of the neuraxis, embryo ventricular zone, renal cortex, ganglionic eminence, mesencephalon, liver, and gallbladder .
Tissue Distribution: Otoraplin is predominantly found in the vestibular sensory epithelium, utricle fossa, intercostal muscle, stria vascularis, condyle, vestibular membrane of the cochlear duct, trachea, cochlea, and trigeminal ganglion .
Primary Biological Functions: Otoraplin plays a crucial role in cartilage development and maintenance . It is also involved in the early differentiation of the inner ear mesenchyme .
Role in Immune Responses and Pathogen Recognition: While specific roles in immune responses and pathogen recognition are not well-documented, its classification as a cytokine suggests potential involvement in immune signaling pathways .
Mechanisms with Other Molecules and Cells: Otoraplin interacts with other molecules and cells through its SH3-like domain, which is involved in protein-protein interactions .
Binding Partners and Downstream Signaling Cascades: The specific binding partners and downstream signaling cascades of Otoraplin are not well-characterized. However, its role in cartilage development suggests interactions with extracellular matrix components and signaling molecules involved in chondrogenesis .
Regulatory Mechanisms Controlling Expression and Activity: The expression of the OTOR gene is regulated by various transcription factors and enhancers . Promoters and enhancers associated with the OTOR gene include GH20J016748, GH20J016392, and GH20J016729 .
Transcriptional Regulation: Transcription factors such as KLF6, SP1, HDAC2, SIX5, PRDM1, KLF17, POLR2A, HCFC1, FOXK2, and RCOR1 are involved in the transcriptional regulation of the OTOR gene .
Post-Translational Modifications: Specific post-translational modifications of Otoraplin are not well-documented. However, as a secreted protein, it is likely to undergo modifications such as glycosylation and proteolytic processing .
Biomedical Research: Otoraplin is used in research related to cartilage development, hearing loss, and melanoma . Recombinant Otoraplin protein and antibodies are available for experimental studies .
Diagnostic Tools: Otoraplin’s role in cartilage development and maintenance makes it a potential biomarker for cartilage-related disorders and hearing loss .
Therapeutic Strategies: Otoraplin’s involvement in melanoma inhibition suggests potential therapeutic applications in cancer treatment.
Role Throughout the Life Cycle: Otoraplin plays a significant role in cartilage development during embryogenesis and continues to be important in cartilage maintenance throughout life . Variations in the OTOR gene can lead to hearing loss, indicating its role in auditory function .
From Development to Aging and Disease: Otoraplin’s function in cartilage development and maintenance is crucial from embryonic development to aging. Its association with hearing loss and potential involvement in melanoma highlight its importance in both normal physiology and disease states .
