Cytokines
Product List
BAFF Human
B-cell Activating Factor Human Recombinant
The BAFF is purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.
BAFF Human, His
B cell Activating Factor Human Recombinant, His Tag
BLyS Human Recombinant fused to His tag at N-terminus produced in E.Coli is a single, non-glycosylated polypeptide chain containing 190 amino acids (134-285 a.a.) and having a molecular mass of 21 kDa.
BAFF is fused to a 38 amino acid His-Tag at N-terminus and purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.
BAFF Human, Plant
BAFF (BLyS) Human Recombinant, Plant
BAFF (C830H1277N223O242S5) is fused to a 10-His-tag at the N-terminal having the total molecular mass of 18-20kDa and purified by standard chromatographic techniques.
BAFF R Human
B-cell Activating Factor Receptor Human Recombinant
The BAFF-R is purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.
BAFFR Human, HEK
BAFF (BLyS) Receptor Human Recombinant, HEK
BAFFR Human Recombinant is a single, glycosylated, polypeptide chain (1-78 a.a) containing a total of 314 amino acids and having a molecular mass of 34.4 kDa.
BAFFR is fused to 233 a.a hIgG-Tag at C-terminus and is purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.
Introduction
B-Cell Activating Factor (BAFF), also known as BlyS (B Lymphocyte Stimulator), is a cytokine belonging to the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) family. It plays a crucial role in the survival, proliferation, and differentiation of B cells. BAFF is classified into three isoforms: membrane-bound BAFF, soluble BAFF, and a shorter isoform known as ΔBAFF.
Key Biological Properties:
- Molecular Weight: Approximately 31 kDa.
- Structure: BAFF forms a homotrimeric structure, which is essential for its biological activity.
Expression Patterns:
- BAFF is primarily expressed by myeloid cells, including monocytes, macrophages, and dendritic cells.
- It is also produced by non-hematopoietic cells such as epithelial cells and stromal cells.
Tissue Distribution:
- BAFF is widely distributed in various tissues, including the spleen, lymph nodes, and bone marrow.
- It is also found in peripheral blood and mucosal tissues.
Primary Biological Functions:
- B Cell Survival: BAFF is essential for the survival of immature and mature B cells.
- B Cell Proliferation: It promotes the proliferation of B cells in response to antigenic stimulation.
- B Cell Differentiation: BAFF supports the differentiation of B cells into plasma cells and memory B cells.
Role in Immune Responses:
- BAFF enhances the production of antibodies by B cells, thereby contributing to humoral immunity.
- It plays a role in the maintenance of B cell homeostasis and the prevention of autoimmune diseases.
Pathogen Recognition:
- BAFF indirectly influences pathogen recognition by promoting the survival and function of B cells, which are responsible for producing antibodies against pathogens.
Mechanisms with Other Molecules and Cells:
- BAFF interacts with three receptors: BAFF-R (BAFF Receptor), TACI (Transmembrane Activator and CAML Interactor), and BCMA (B-Cell Maturation Antigen).
- These receptors are differentially expressed on B cells and mediate distinct signaling pathways.
Binding Partners:
- BAFF binds to its receptors on B cells, leading to receptor oligomerization and activation of downstream signaling cascades.
Downstream Signaling Cascades:
- NF-κB Pathway: BAFF-R primarily activates the canonical NF-κB pathway, promoting B cell survival and proliferation.
- PI3K/Akt Pathway: BAFF signaling also involves the PI3K/Akt pathway, which is crucial for cell survival and metabolism.
- MAPK Pathway: The MAPK pathway is activated by BAFF and contributes to B cell differentiation and function.
Regulatory Mechanisms Controlling Expression and Activity:
- Transcriptional Regulation: The expression of BAFF is regulated by various transcription factors, including NF-κB and IRF (Interferon Regulatory Factor).
- Post-Translational Modifications: BAFF undergoes post-translational modifications such as glycosylation, which are important for its stability and activity.
Biomedical Research:
- BAFF is a target for research in autoimmune diseases, such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA).
- It is also studied in the context of B cell malignancies, including multiple myeloma and chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL).
Diagnostic Tools:
- Elevated levels of BAFF in serum can serve as a biomarker for autoimmune diseases and B cell-related disorders.
Therapeutic Strategies:
- BAFF inhibitors, such as belimumab, are used in the treatment of autoimmune diseases to reduce B cell activity and antibody production.
Role Throughout the Life Cycle:
- Development: BAFF is crucial for the development of B cells in the bone marrow and peripheral lymphoid organs.
- Aging: BAFF levels may change with age, influencing B cell function and susceptibility to infections and autoimmune diseases.
- Disease: Dysregulation of BAFF expression is associated with various diseases, including autoimmune disorders and B cell malignancies.
