Cytokines
Product List
IL 9 Human, Sf9
Interleukin-9 Human Recombinant, Sf9
IL9 shows multiple bands between 18-28kDa on SDS-PAGE, reducing conditions and purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.
IL 9 Mouse
Interleukin-9 Mouse Recombinant
The IL-9 is purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.
IL 9 Rat
Interleukin-9 Rat Recombinant
The IL-9 is purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.
IL-1 Alpha Rat, His Active
Interleukin-1 alpha Rat Recombinant, His Tag Active
IL1A Rat Recombinant produced in E.Coli is a single, non-glycosylated polypeptide chain containing 179 amino acids (115-270 a.a) and having a molecular mass of 20.2kDa.
IL1A is fused to a 23 amino acid His-tag at N-terminus & purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.
IL10 Human
Interleukin-10 Human Recombinant
The IL-10 is purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.
IL-10 Human, Sf9
Interleukin 10 Human Recombinant, Sf9, Active
IL-10 Human produced in Sf9 Baculovirus cells is a single, glycosylated polypeptide chain containing 166 amino acids (19-178 aa) and having a molecular mass of 19.4kDa. IL-10 is fused to a 6 amino acid His tag at C-terminus and purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.
IL10RA Human
Interleukin 10 Receptor Alpha Human Recombinant
IL10RA Human Recombinant produced in Sf9 Baculovirus cells is a single, non-glycosylated, polypeptide chain containing 220 amino acids (22-235 a.a.) and having a molecular mass of 25.2kDa (Migrates at 28-40kDa on SDS-PAGE under reducing conditions).
IL10RA is fused to a 6 amino acid His-tag at C-terminus & purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.
IL10RA Human, Active
Interleukin 10 Receptor Alpha Human Recombinant, BioActive
IL10RA Human produced in Sf9 Baculovirus cells is a single, glycosylated polypeptide chain containing 220 amino acids (22-235 aa) and having a molecular mass of 25.2kDa.
IL10RA is fused to a 6 amino acid His tag at C-terminus and purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.
IL10RB Human
Recombinant Human Interleukin 10 Receptor Beta
IL10RB Human Recombinant produced in Sf9 Insect cells is a single, glycosylated polypeptide chain containing 440 amino acids (20-220 a.a.) and having a molecular mass of 50.5kDa (Molecular size on SDS-PAGE will appear at approximately 50-70kDa).
IL10RB is expressed with a 239 amino acids hIgG-His tag at C-Terminus and purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.
Sf9, Insect cells.
Sterile filtered colorless solution.
IL11RA Rat
Interleukin 11 Receptor Subunit Alpha Rat Recombinant
IL11RA is fused with an 8 amino acids His tag at C-Terminus and purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.
Introduction
Interleukins (ILs) are a group of cytokines, which are secreted proteins and signal molecules primarily produced by leukocytes (white blood cells). They play a crucial role in the immune system by mediating communication between cells . The human genome encodes more than 50 interleukins and related proteins . Interleukins are classified based on their structure and function, with common families including IL-1, IL-2, IL-6, and IL-12 .
Key Biological Properties: Interleukins are biologically active glycoproteins derived primarily from activated lymphocytes and macrophages . They induce T-lymphocyte activation and proliferation, augment neutrophil, macrophage, and T-lymphocyte cytotoxicity, and promote B lymphocyte and multilineage bone marrow stem-cell precursor growth and differentiation .
Expression Patterns and Tissue Distribution: Interleukins are produced by various cell types, including immune cells like macrophages and lymphocytes . They are expressed in different tissues, such as the bone marrow, thymus, and other epithelial cells .
Primary Biological Functions: Interleukins modulate the growth, differentiation, and activation of immune cells during inflammatory and immune responses . They play a role in both innate and adaptive immune responses .
Role in Immune Responses and Pathogen Recognition: Interleukins are involved in the regulation of immune responses, inflammatory reactions, and hematopoiesis . They help coordinate the body’s response to infections, inflammation, and other immune challenges .
Mechanisms with Other Molecules and Cells: Interleukins interact with specific cell surface receptors to stimulate target cells . For example, IL-6 controls leucocyte recruitment, determines the activity and maintenance of the inflammatory infiltrate, and drives various innate and adaptive immune responses .
Binding Partners and Downstream Signaling Cascades: Interleukins bind to their respective receptors, triggering downstream signaling pathways such as the Janus kinase (JAK)-signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) pathways . These signaling cascades lead to various cellular responses, including proliferation, differentiation, and cytokine production .
Regulatory Mechanisms Controlling Expression and Activity: The expression and activity of interleukins are regulated by complex molecular mechanisms. For example, IL-10 production is regulated by metabolic pathways and molecular signals downstream of the IL-10 receptor .
Transcriptional Regulation and Post-Translational Modifications: Interleukins undergo transcriptional regulation and post-translational modifications to ensure proper function. These modifications can include phosphorylation, glycosylation, and cleavage .
Biomedical Research: Interleukins are extensively studied in biomedical research for their roles in immune regulation and disease pathogenesis .
Diagnostic Tools: Interleukins serve as biomarkers for various diseases, aiding in diagnosis and monitoring of disease progression .
Therapeutic Strategies: Interleukins are used in therapeutic strategies, such as cancer immunotherapy and treatment of autoimmune diseases . For example, engineered cytokines from the IL-2 family have shown significant effects in tumor immunotherapy .
Role Throughout the Life Cycle: Interleukins play essential roles throughout the life cycle, from development to aging and disease. They regulate hematopoiesis, immune responses, and inflammation . For instance, IL-5 regulates eosinophil proliferation and differentiation, while IL-1 is involved in inflammatory responses .
