Cytokines
Product List
IL-12 Human
Interleukin-12 Human Recombinant
The IL12 is purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.
IL12 Human, His
Interleukin 12 His Tag Human Recombinant
IL12A is fused to a 6 amino acid His-Tag at C-terminus and purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.
IL12 Human, Sf9
Interleukin-12 Human Recombinant, Sf9
Interleukin 12 Human Recombinant is a glycosylated heterodimer containing 503 amino acids (306 amino acid rHuIL-12 p40 and the 197 amino acid rHuIL-12 p35 subunits) and having a molecular mass of 60kDa. IL12 is purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.
Baculovirus.
IL12 Mouse, Sf9
Interleukin 12, Sf9 Human Recombinant
IL12 Mouse Recombinant produced in a baculovirus expression system is a glycosylated disulfide linked (through cysteines in bold) heterodimer comprised of IL12A (23-335aa, total of 319 aa, MW 35.7kDa) and IL12B (23-215aa, total of 199 aa, MW 22.5kDa), having a total predicted molecular mass of 58.3kDa (Molecular weight on SDS-PAGE will appear higher). IL12A is fused to a 6 amino acid His-Tag at C-terminus and purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.
Sf9, Baculovirus cells.
IL12RB1 Human
Interleukin 12 Receptor Beta 1 Human Recombinant
IL12RB1 Human, Sf9
Interleukin 12 Receptor Beta 1 Human Recombinant, Sf9
IL12RB1 shows multiple bands between 50-70kDa on SDS-PAGE, reducing conditions and purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.
IL13RA1 Human
Interleukin 13 Receptor Alpha 1 Human Recombinant
IL13RA1 is fused to a 6 amino acid His-tag at C-terminus & purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.
IL13RA2 Human
Interleukin 13 Receptor, Alpha 2 Human Recombinant
IL13RA2 is fused to a 23 amino acid His-tag at N-terminus & purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.
IL13RA2 Human, Sf9
Interleukin 13 Receptor Alpha 2, Recombinant Human Sf9
IL13RA2 Human Recombinant produced in Sf9 Insect cells is a single, glycosylated polypeptide chain containing 559 amino acids (27-343 a.a.) and having a molecular mass of 64.3kDa (Molecular size on SDS-PAGE will appear at approximately 70-100kDa). IL13RA2 is expressed with a 239 amino acid hIgG-His tag at C-Terminus and purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.
IL15 Human, HEK
Interleukin-15 Human Recombinant, HEK
Interleukin-15 Human Recombinant produced in HEK cells is a glycosylated monomer, having a molecular weight of 12.8kDa.
The IL15 is purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.
Introduction
Interleukins (ILs) are a group of cytokines, which are secreted proteins and signal molecules primarily produced by leukocytes (white blood cells). They play a crucial role in the immune system by mediating communication between cells . The human genome encodes more than 50 interleukins and related proteins . Interleukins are classified based on their structure and function, with common families including IL-1, IL-2, IL-6, and IL-12 .
Key Biological Properties: Interleukins are biologically active glycoproteins derived primarily from activated lymphocytes and macrophages . They induce T-lymphocyte activation and proliferation, augment neutrophil, macrophage, and T-lymphocyte cytotoxicity, and promote B lymphocyte and multilineage bone marrow stem-cell precursor growth and differentiation .
Expression Patterns and Tissue Distribution: Interleukins are produced by various cell types, including immune cells like macrophages and lymphocytes . They are expressed in different tissues, such as the bone marrow, thymus, and other epithelial cells .
Primary Biological Functions: Interleukins modulate the growth, differentiation, and activation of immune cells during inflammatory and immune responses . They play a role in both innate and adaptive immune responses .
Role in Immune Responses and Pathogen Recognition: Interleukins are involved in the regulation of immune responses, inflammatory reactions, and hematopoiesis . They help coordinate the body’s response to infections, inflammation, and other immune challenges .
Mechanisms with Other Molecules and Cells: Interleukins interact with specific cell surface receptors to stimulate target cells . For example, IL-6 controls leucocyte recruitment, determines the activity and maintenance of the inflammatory infiltrate, and drives various innate and adaptive immune responses .
Binding Partners and Downstream Signaling Cascades: Interleukins bind to their respective receptors, triggering downstream signaling pathways such as the Janus kinase (JAK)-signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) pathways . These signaling cascades lead to various cellular responses, including proliferation, differentiation, and cytokine production .
Regulatory Mechanisms Controlling Expression and Activity: The expression and activity of interleukins are regulated by complex molecular mechanisms. For example, IL-10 production is regulated by metabolic pathways and molecular signals downstream of the IL-10 receptor .
Transcriptional Regulation and Post-Translational Modifications: Interleukins undergo transcriptional regulation and post-translational modifications to ensure proper function. These modifications can include phosphorylation, glycosylation, and cleavage .
Biomedical Research: Interleukins are extensively studied in biomedical research for their roles in immune regulation and disease pathogenesis .
Diagnostic Tools: Interleukins serve as biomarkers for various diseases, aiding in diagnosis and monitoring of disease progression .
Therapeutic Strategies: Interleukins are used in therapeutic strategies, such as cancer immunotherapy and treatment of autoimmune diseases . For example, engineered cytokines from the IL-2 family have shown significant effects in tumor immunotherapy .
Role Throughout the Life Cycle: Interleukins play essential roles throughout the life cycle, from development to aging and disease. They regulate hematopoiesis, immune responses, and inflammation . For instance, IL-5 regulates eosinophil proliferation and differentiation, while IL-1 is involved in inflammatory responses .
