Growth Factors

Key Biological Properties: Omentin-1 has anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anti-apoptotic properties . It positively impacts endothelial function and prevents atherosclerosis .

Expression Patterns: Omentin-1 is highly expressed in human visceral and epicardial adipose tissues, with lower levels found in other WAT depots such as subcutaneous WAT .

Tissue Distribution: Omentin-1 is primarily produced by the stromal vascular cells of visceral adipose tissue . It is also present in human blood and other WAT depots .

Primary Biological Functions: Omentin-1 plays a crucial role in glucose homeostasis, atheroprotection, and cardiovascular health . It enhances insulin-stimulated glucose uptake in adipocytes and functions as a vasodilator .

Role in Immune Responses and Pathogen Recognition: Omentin-1 has been implicated in immune responses due to its anti-inflammatory properties .

Mechanisms with Other Molecules and Cells: Omentin-1 interacts with various molecules and cells to exert its effects. It raises NO metabolites in the aorta and increases the ratio of p-eNOS to total eNOS, facilitating endothelial function .

Binding Partners and Downstream Signaling Cascades: Omentin-1’s ability to restore endothelial function is facilitated by an increase in NO bioavailability . It is necessary to identify the specific receptors and downstream signaling pathways involved in omentin-1-mediated vasodilation and anti-inflammatory action .

Regulatory Mechanisms: Omentin-1’s expression and activity are regulated by various factors, including insulin sensitivity . In lipopolysaccharide-induced macrophages, omentin-1 lowers oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and proinflammatory cytokines .

Transcriptional Regulation and Post-Translational Modifications: Understanding the factors involved in omentin-1 regulation is essential for unraveling its complex regulatory mechanisms and potential implications for metabolic and cardiovascular health .

Biomedical Research: Omentin-1’s positive effects on vascular function suggest potential applications in cardiovascular diseases .

Diagnostic Tools and Therapeutic Strategies: Omentin-1 enhances insulin-stimulated glucose uptake in adipocytes, linking it to obesity and Type 2 Diabetes . It also functions as a vasodilator and plays a protective role during coronary atherosclerosis and hypertension .

Role Throughout the Life Cycle: Omentin-1 has been implicated in metabolic regulation, influencing insulin sensitivity and glucose and lipid metabolism . Its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anti-apoptotic properties contribute to its role in various physiological processes throughout the life cycle .