Growth Factors
Product List
EPO a Fc Human
Erythropoietin-Alpha Fc-Chimera Human Recombinant
EPO a Human
Erythropoietin-Alpha Human Recombinant
EPO a Human, HEK
Erythropoietin-alpha Human Recombinant, HEK
The EPO-alpha is purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.
EPO a Human, His
Erythropoietin-alpha Human Recombinant, His Tag
EPO a Human Recombinant produced in Baculovirus is a single, glycosylated polypeptide chain containing 174 amino acids (28-193a.a.) and having a molecular mass of 19.5kDa.
EPO a is fused to an 8 amino acid His-tag at C-terminus & purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.
Sf9, Baculovirus cells.
EPO a Human, Sf9
Erythropoietin-alpha Human Recombinant, Sf9
EPO-a is expressed with an 8 amino acid His tag at C-Terminus and purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.
EPO Mouse
Erythropoietin Mouse Recombinant
EPO Mouse Recombinant produced in Baculovirus is a single glycosylated polypeptide chain containing 176 amino acids (27-192 aa) and having a molecular mass of 19.8kDa.
EPO is fused to a 9 amino acid His tag at C-terminus and purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.
Sf9, Baculovirus cells.
EPO Rat
Erythropoietin Rat Recombinant
EPO Rat Recombinant produced in HEK293 cells is a single, glycosylated polypeptide chain (27-192 a.a) containing 175 amino acids and having a molecular mass of 19.6 kDa. EPO is fused to a 6 amino acid His-tag at C-terminus & purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.
EPOR Human
Erythropoietin Receptor Human Recombinant
EPOR Human, Active
Erythropoietin Receptor Human Recombinant, Active
EPOR is expressed with a 6 amino acid His-tag at C-Terminus and purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.
Introduction
Key Biological Properties: EPO is highly glycosylated, with approximately 40% of its molecular weight attributed to carbohydrate content . It has a half-life of around 5 hours in the bloodstream .
Expression Patterns: EPO is produced mainly by interstitial fibroblasts in the kidneys and, to a lesser extent, by perisinusoidal cells in the liver . During fetal development, the liver is the primary site of EPO production .
Tissue Distribution: EPO is found in the kidneys, liver, and bone marrow. It is also present in the central nervous system and uterus, where it has paracrine functions .
Primary Biological Functions: EPO’s main role is to regulate red blood cell production by promoting the survival, proliferation, and differentiation of erythroid progenitor cells . It protects these cells from apoptosis (cell death) .
Role in Immune Responses and Pathogen Recognition: While EPO’s primary function is erythropoiesis, it also has roles in immune modulation and tissue protection. It has been shown to have anti-inflammatory effects and can protect tissues from ischemic damage .
Mechanisms with Other Molecules and Cells: EPO exerts its effects by binding to the erythropoietin receptor (EPO-R) on the surface of erythroid progenitor cells . This binding triggers several intracellular signaling pathways, including the JAK2/STAT5, PI3K/AKT, and MAPK pathways .
Binding Partners and Downstream Signaling Cascades: The activation of EPO-R leads to the phosphorylation of JAK2, which in turn activates STAT5. Activated STAT5 translocates to the nucleus and promotes the transcription of genes involved in erythroid differentiation and survival .
Control of Expression and Activity: EPO production is primarily regulated by oxygen levels. Hypoxia induces the stabilization of hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1), which binds to the EPO gene promoter and enhances its transcription .
Transcriptional Regulation: HIF-1 is a key transcription factor that regulates EPO expression under low oxygen conditions . Other factors, such as GATA2, can inhibit EPO transcription during normoxia .
Post-Translational Modifications: EPO undergoes glycosylation, which is crucial for its stability and activity in the bloodstream .
Biomedical Research: EPO is used extensively in research to study erythropoiesis and hypoxia-related pathways .
Diagnostic Tools: EPO levels are measured to diagnose and manage conditions like anemia and polycythemia .
Therapeutic Strategies: Recombinant human EPO (rhEPO) is used to treat anemia associated with chronic kidney disease, chemotherapy, and certain chronic diseases . It is also used to reduce the need for blood transfusions in surgical patients .
Development: During fetal development, EPO is primarily produced by the liver and plays a crucial role in ensuring adequate red blood cell production .
Aging and Disease: In adults, EPO production shifts to the kidneys. Its levels can be affected by various conditions, including chronic kidney disease and anemia . EPO also has protective roles in tissues undergoing ischemic stress .
