Growth Factors
Product List
Periostin Human
Periostin Human Recombinant
Periostin Human, HEK
Periostin Human Recombinant, HEK
Introduction
Periostin, also known as POSTN, PN, or osteoblast-specific factor OSF-2, is a protein encoded by the POSTN gene in humans . It belongs to the matricellular protein family, which are non-structural extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins that regulate various biological processes . Periostin functions as a ligand for integrins, supporting the adhesion and migration of epithelial cells .
Key Biological Properties: Periostin is a secreted adhesion-related protein produced in the periosteum and periodontal ligaments . It is involved in the regulation of embryonic formation, tissue repair, ECM structure, and the maintenance of bone and teeth .
Expression Patterns: Periostin is expressed at low levels in most adult tissues but is highly expressed in pathological sites such as tumors and inflamed organs . It is also transiently upregulated during cell fate changes, whether related to physiological or pathological alterations .
Tissue Distribution: Periostin is primarily found in collagen-rich connective tissues subjected to mechanical stress, such as heart valves, tendons, and the periodontal ligament .
Primary Biological Functions: Periostin plays a crucial role in bone and tooth formation and maintenance, cardiac development, and tissue repair . It also regulates the ECM structure and promotes cell adhesion and migration .
Role in Immune Responses and Pathogen Recognition: Periostin is involved in the immune response by interacting with integrins on immune cells, thereby influencing cell signaling pathways that modulate immune functions .
Mechanisms with Other Molecules and Cells: Periostin interacts with multiple cell-surface receptors, especially integrins, to trigger intracellular signaling pathways . It binds to integrins on cancer cells, activating the Akt/PKB- and FAK-mediated signaling pathways, leading to increased cell survival, invasion, angiogenesis, metastasis, and the epithelial-mesenchymal transition .
Binding Partners and Downstream Signaling Cascades: Periostin binds to integrins αvβ3 and αvβ5, which modulate intracellular signaling pathways such as the PI3K/Akt, Wnt, RhoA/ROCK, NF-κB, MAPK, and JAK pathways .
Transcriptional Regulation: The expression of periostin is regulated by various transcription factors and signaling pathways, including TGF-β, which can induce its expression .
Post-Translational Modifications: Periostin undergoes post-translational modifications that influence its activity and interactions with other ECM proteins and cell-surface receptors .
Biomedical Research: Periostin is extensively studied in cancer research due to its role in tumor progression and metastasis . It is also investigated in the context of tissue repair and regeneration .
Diagnostic Tools: Elevated levels of periostin in tissues and blood can serve as biomarkers for various pathological conditions, including cancer, fibrosis, and inflammatory diseases .
Therapeutic Strategies: Targeting periostin and its signaling pathways holds potential for developing new therapeutic approaches for cancer, fibrosis, and other diseases .
Development: Periostin is essential for embryonic development, particularly in the formation of bones, teeth, and cardiac tissues .
Aging and Disease: Periostin expression is upregulated in response to tissue injury and pathological conditions such as cancer, fibrosis, and inflammatory diseases . It plays a role in tissue remodeling and repair throughout the life cycle .
