Cytokines
Product List
IL 11 Human, Pichia
Interleukin-11 Human Recombinant, Pichia
IL11 Human Recombinant produced in Pichia Pastoris is a single, non-glycosylated, Polypeptide chain containing 177 amino acids (it differs from the 178 amino acid length of the native IL11 only in lack of the N-terminal praline residue) and having a molecular mass of 19kDa.
The IL11 is purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.
IL 11 Mouse
Interleukin-11 Mouse Recombinant
The Mouse IL-11 is purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.
IL 12 Mouse
Interleukin-12 Mouse Recombinant
Interleukin-12 Mouse Recombinant produced in HEK 293 cells is a glycosylated disulfide linked heterodimeric polypeptide containing 506 amino acids and having a molecular weight of 75 kDa comprised of disulfide-bonded 35 kDa (p35) and 40 kDa (p40) subunits.
The IL-12 is purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.
IL 12 p35 Human
Interleukin-12 p35 Human Recombinant
The IL-12 p35 His is purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.
IL 12 p40 Human
Interleukin-12 p40 Human Recombinant
The IL-12 p40 His is purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.
IL 12 p40 Human Baculovirus
Interleukin-12 p40 Human Recombinant, Baculovirus
IL 12 p40 is fused to a 6 amino acid His-tag at C-terminus & purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.
IL 13 Human
Interleukin-13 Human Recombinant
The IL-13 is purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.
IL 13 Human, His
Interleukin-13 Human Recombinant, His Tag
The IL-13 His is purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.
IL 13 Mouse
Interleukin-13 Mouse Recombinant
The IL-13 is purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.
IL 13 Rat
Interleukin-13 Rat Recombinant
The IL-13 is purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.
Introduction
Interleukins (ILs) are a group of cytokines, which are secreted proteins and signal molecules primarily produced by leukocytes (white blood cells). They play a crucial role in the immune system by mediating communication between cells . The human genome encodes more than 50 interleukins and related proteins . Interleukins are classified based on their structure and function, with common families including IL-1, IL-2, IL-6, and IL-12 .
Key Biological Properties: Interleukins are biologically active glycoproteins derived primarily from activated lymphocytes and macrophages . They induce T-lymphocyte activation and proliferation, augment neutrophil, macrophage, and T-lymphocyte cytotoxicity, and promote B lymphocyte and multilineage bone marrow stem-cell precursor growth and differentiation .
Expression Patterns and Tissue Distribution: Interleukins are produced by various cell types, including immune cells like macrophages and lymphocytes . They are expressed in different tissues, such as the bone marrow, thymus, and other epithelial cells .
Primary Biological Functions: Interleukins modulate the growth, differentiation, and activation of immune cells during inflammatory and immune responses . They play a role in both innate and adaptive immune responses .
Role in Immune Responses and Pathogen Recognition: Interleukins are involved in the regulation of immune responses, inflammatory reactions, and hematopoiesis . They help coordinate the body’s response to infections, inflammation, and other immune challenges .
Mechanisms with Other Molecules and Cells: Interleukins interact with specific cell surface receptors to stimulate target cells . For example, IL-6 controls leucocyte recruitment, determines the activity and maintenance of the inflammatory infiltrate, and drives various innate and adaptive immune responses .
Binding Partners and Downstream Signaling Cascades: Interleukins bind to their respective receptors, triggering downstream signaling pathways such as the Janus kinase (JAK)-signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) pathways . These signaling cascades lead to various cellular responses, including proliferation, differentiation, and cytokine production .
Regulatory Mechanisms Controlling Expression and Activity: The expression and activity of interleukins are regulated by complex molecular mechanisms. For example, IL-10 production is regulated by metabolic pathways and molecular signals downstream of the IL-10 receptor .
Transcriptional Regulation and Post-Translational Modifications: Interleukins undergo transcriptional regulation and post-translational modifications to ensure proper function. These modifications can include phosphorylation, glycosylation, and cleavage .
Biomedical Research: Interleukins are extensively studied in biomedical research for their roles in immune regulation and disease pathogenesis .
Diagnostic Tools: Interleukins serve as biomarkers for various diseases, aiding in diagnosis and monitoring of disease progression .
Therapeutic Strategies: Interleukins are used in therapeutic strategies, such as cancer immunotherapy and treatment of autoimmune diseases . For example, engineered cytokines from the IL-2 family have shown significant effects in tumor immunotherapy .
Role Throughout the Life Cycle: Interleukins play essential roles throughout the life cycle, from development to aging and disease. They regulate hematopoiesis, immune responses, and inflammation . For instance, IL-5 regulates eosinophil proliferation and differentiation, while IL-1 is involved in inflammatory responses .
