Cytokines
Product List
IL19 Human, HEK
Interleukin-19 Human Recombinant, HEK
IL19 Human Recombinant produced in HEK293 cells is a single, glycosylated polypeptide chain (a.a 25-177) containing 164 amino acids and having a molecular mass of 19.1 kDa.
IL19 is fused to a 6 amino acid His-tag at C-terminus & purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.
IL1A Canine
Interleukin-1 alpha Canine Recombinant
IL1A Canine produced in Sf9 Baculovirus cells is a single, glycosylated polypeptide chain containing 166 amino acids (109-265 aa) and having a molecular mass of 19.3 kDa.
IL1A is fused to a 6 amino acid His tag at C-terminus and purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.
Sf9, Baculovirus cells.
IL1A Human, HEK
Interleukin-1 alpha Human Recombinant, HEK
The IL1A is purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.
IL1A Human, His Active
Interleukin-1 alpha Human Recombinant, His Tag Active
IL1A Human Recombinant produced in E.Coli is a single, non-glycosylated polypeptide chain containing 197 amino acids (113-271 a.a) and having a molecular mass of 22.4kDa. IL1A is fused to a 38 amino acid His-tag at N-terminus & purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.
IL1A Mouse, Sf9
Interleukin-1 alpha Mouse Recombinant, Sf9
IL1AMouse Recombinant produced in Sf9 Baculovirus cells is a single, glycosylated polypeptide chain containing 165 amino acids (115-270a.a.) and having a molecular mass of 19.0kDa (Molecular size on SDS-PAGE will appear at approximately 18-28kDa). IL1A is expressed with a 9 amino acid His tag at C-Terminus and purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.
IL1B Canine
Interleukin-1 beta Canine Recombinant
IL1B Canine Recombinant produced in E.Coli is a single, non-glycosylated polypeptide chain containing 153 amino acids (114-265 a.a) and having a molecular mass of 17.5 kDa.
Sterile filtered colorless solution.
IL1B Mouse, His Active
Interleukin-1 beta Human Recombinant, His Tag BioActive
IL1B Mouse Recombinant produced in E.Coli is a single, non-glycosylated polypeptide chain containing 189 amino acids (118-269 a.a) and having a molecular mass of 21kDa.
IL1B is fused to a 37 amino acid His-tag at N-terminus & purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.
IL1F10 Human
Interleukin 1 Family, Member 10 Human Recombinant
IL1F10 Human Recombinant produced in E.Coli is a single, non-glycosylated, Polypeptide chain containing 152 amino acids and having a molecular mass of 17kDa.
The IL1F10 is purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.
IL1F10 Human His
Interleukin 1 Family, Member 10 Human Recombinant, His Tag
IL1R1 Human
Interleukin 1 Receptor Type I Human Recombinant
IL1R1 is fused to 8 amino acid His-tag at C-terminus & purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.
Introduction
Interleukins (ILs) are a group of cytokines, which are secreted proteins and signal molecules primarily produced by leukocytes (white blood cells). They play a crucial role in the immune system by mediating communication between cells . The human genome encodes more than 50 interleukins and related proteins . Interleukins are classified based on their structure and function, with common families including IL-1, IL-2, IL-6, and IL-12 .
Key Biological Properties: Interleukins are biologically active glycoproteins derived primarily from activated lymphocytes and macrophages . They induce T-lymphocyte activation and proliferation, augment neutrophil, macrophage, and T-lymphocyte cytotoxicity, and promote B lymphocyte and multilineage bone marrow stem-cell precursor growth and differentiation .
Expression Patterns and Tissue Distribution: Interleukins are produced by various cell types, including immune cells like macrophages and lymphocytes . They are expressed in different tissues, such as the bone marrow, thymus, and other epithelial cells .
Primary Biological Functions: Interleukins modulate the growth, differentiation, and activation of immune cells during inflammatory and immune responses . They play a role in both innate and adaptive immune responses .
Role in Immune Responses and Pathogen Recognition: Interleukins are involved in the regulation of immune responses, inflammatory reactions, and hematopoiesis . They help coordinate the body’s response to infections, inflammation, and other immune challenges .
Mechanisms with Other Molecules and Cells: Interleukins interact with specific cell surface receptors to stimulate target cells . For example, IL-6 controls leucocyte recruitment, determines the activity and maintenance of the inflammatory infiltrate, and drives various innate and adaptive immune responses .
Binding Partners and Downstream Signaling Cascades: Interleukins bind to their respective receptors, triggering downstream signaling pathways such as the Janus kinase (JAK)-signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) pathways . These signaling cascades lead to various cellular responses, including proliferation, differentiation, and cytokine production .
Regulatory Mechanisms Controlling Expression and Activity: The expression and activity of interleukins are regulated by complex molecular mechanisms. For example, IL-10 production is regulated by metabolic pathways and molecular signals downstream of the IL-10 receptor .
Transcriptional Regulation and Post-Translational Modifications: Interleukins undergo transcriptional regulation and post-translational modifications to ensure proper function. These modifications can include phosphorylation, glycosylation, and cleavage .
Biomedical Research: Interleukins are extensively studied in biomedical research for their roles in immune regulation and disease pathogenesis .
Diagnostic Tools: Interleukins serve as biomarkers for various diseases, aiding in diagnosis and monitoring of disease progression .
Therapeutic Strategies: Interleukins are used in therapeutic strategies, such as cancer immunotherapy and treatment of autoimmune diseases . For example, engineered cytokines from the IL-2 family have shown significant effects in tumor immunotherapy .
Role Throughout the Life Cycle: Interleukins play essential roles throughout the life cycle, from development to aging and disease. They regulate hematopoiesis, immune responses, and inflammation . For instance, IL-5 regulates eosinophil proliferation and differentiation, while IL-1 is involved in inflammatory responses .
