CD Antigens
Product List
CD14 Human
CD14 Human Recombinant
CD14is fused to a 23 amino acid His-tag at N-terminus & purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.
CD14 Human HEK
CD14 Human Recombinant HEK
CD14 Human, CHO
CD14 Human Recombinant, CHO
CD14 Mouse
CD14 Mouse Recombinant
The myeloid differentiation antigen CD14 acts as the major receptor for bacterial LPS. The dominant form of the recombinant wildtype CD14 is the 50 kDa protein.
CD14 Mouse, Sf9
CD14 Mouse Recombinant, Sf9
CD14 produced in Sf9 Baculovirus cells is a single, glycosylated polypeptide chain containing 357 amino acids (16-366a.a.) and having a molecular mass of 38.3kDa.
Introduction
CD14, also known as Cluster of Differentiation 14, is a glycoprotein predominantly expressed on the surface of monocytes and macrophages. It plays a crucial role in the innate immune system by recognizing and binding to lipopolysaccharides (LPS) from Gram-negative bacteria . CD14 exists in two forms: membrane-bound (mCD14) and soluble (sCD14) .
Key Biological Properties: CD14 is a member of the leucine-rich repeat (LRR) family of proteins, which are involved in protein-protein interactions . It is a glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored receptor .
Expression Patterns: CD14 is primarily expressed on monocytes, macrophages, and to a lesser extent, on neutrophils and dendritic cells . The soluble form of CD14 is secreted by the liver and monocytes .
Tissue Distribution: CD14 is found in various tissues, including the liver, spleen, and lymph nodes. It is also present in human milk, where it is believed to regulate microbial growth in the infant gut .
Primary Biological Functions: CD14 acts as a co-receptor for the detection of bacterial LPS, working alongside Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and MD-2 . It also recognizes other pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) such as lipoteichoic acid from Gram-positive bacteria .
Role in Immune Responses: CD14 is essential for the initiation of immune responses. It binds to LPS and other PAMPs, facilitating their recognition by TLR4, which triggers downstream signaling pathways leading to the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines .
Pathogen Recognition: CD14 is involved in the recognition of a wide range of microbial products, including peptidoglycans and lipoteichoic acid .
Mechanisms with Other Molecules and Cells: CD14 functions as a co-receptor with TLR4 and MD-2 for LPS detection . It can bind LPS only in the presence of lipopolysaccharide-binding protein (LBP) .
Binding Partners: CD14 interacts with LBP, TLR4, and MD-2 to form a complex that recognizes and responds to LPS .
Downstream Signaling Cascades: Upon LPS binding, CD14 facilitates the activation of the TLR4-TRAM-TRIF pathway, leading to the activation of transcription factors such as NF-κB and the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines .
Transcriptional Regulation: The expression of CD14 is regulated at the transcriptional level by various cytokines and transcription factors .
Post-Translational Modifications: CD14 undergoes post-translational modifications, including glycosylation, which are essential for its stability and function .
Biomedical Research: CD14 is widely used as a marker for monocytes and macrophages in immunological studies .
Diagnostic Tools: Soluble CD14 levels in the blood can serve as a biomarker for various inflammatory conditions and infections .
Therapeutic Strategies: Targeting CD14 and its signaling pathways holds potential for the development of therapies for inflammatory diseases and sepsis .
Development: CD14 is involved in the differentiation of monocytes into macrophages and dendritic cells .
Aging and Disease: CD14 expression and function can be altered in various diseases, including sepsis, chronic inflammatory conditions, and metabolic disorders . Its role in immune responses makes it a critical player in the body’s defense mechanisms throughout life .
