CD Antigens
Product List
NT5E (CD73) Human
5'-Nucleotidase Ecto (CD73) Human Recombinant
NT5E (CD73) Mouse
5'-Nucleotidase Ecto (CD73) Mouse Recombinant
NT5E Mouse Recombinant produced in Sf9 Baculovirus cells is a single, glycosylated polypeptide chain containing 531 amino acids (29-551a.a.) and having a molecular mass of 59.1kDa. NT5E is expressed with a 8 amino acid His tag at C-Terminus and purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.
Sf9, Baculovirus cells.
Introduction
CD73, also known as ecto-5’-nucleotidase, is an enzyme encoded by the NT5E gene. It is a glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored membrane protein that catalyzes the conversion of extracellular adenosine monophosphate (AMP) to adenosine . CD73 is classified as an ectoenzyme due to its location on the cell surface and its role in extracellular nucleotide metabolism .
Key Biological Properties: CD73 is a dimeric enzyme that exists in two forms: membrane-bound and soluble. The membrane-bound form is anchored to the cell surface via GPI, while the soluble form is generated through proteolytic cleavage .
Expression Patterns and Tissue Distribution: CD73 is widely expressed on various cell types, including endothelial cells, immune cells (such as T cells and B cells), and epithelial cells . It is particularly abundant in tissues such as the liver, pancreas, and biliary tract .
Primary Biological Functions: CD73 plays a crucial role in the purinergic signaling pathway by converting AMP to adenosine, which has various physiological effects . Adenosine acts as an immunosuppressive molecule, modulating immune responses and maintaining immune homeostasis .
Role in Immune Responses and Pathogen Recognition: CD73-generated adenosine suppresses pro-inflammatory responses and promotes immune tolerance. It is involved in the regulation of T cell activation, dendritic cell function, and the suppression of inflammatory cytokine production .
Mechanisms with Other Molecules and Cells: CD73 interacts with various molecules and cells to exert its effects. It binds to adenosine receptors (A2AR and A2BR) on immune cells, leading to the activation of cAMP signaling and suppression of immune cell functions .
Binding Partners and Downstream Signaling Cascades: CD73 can interact with other cell surface molecules, such as CD39, to enhance adenosine production . It also activates downstream signaling pathways, including the EGFR, MAPK, and PI3K/AKT pathways, which contribute to tumor growth and immune evasion .
Regulation of Expression and Activity: CD73 expression is regulated by various transcription factors, including STAT3 and HIF-1α . Post-translational modifications, such as ubiquitination and deubiquitination, also play a role in controlling CD73 stability and activity .
Transcriptional Regulation and Post-Translational Modifications: The transcriptional regulation of CD73 involves the activation of specific signaling pathways that respond to cellular stress and hypoxia . Post-translational modifications, such as glycosylation and phosphorylation, further modulate CD73’s enzymatic activity and interactions with other proteins .
Biomedical Research: CD73 is a valuable target in cancer research due to its role in tumor immune evasion and metastasis . Inhibitors of CD73 are being developed to enhance anti-tumor immune responses and improve the efficacy of immunotherapies .
Diagnostic Tools and Therapeutic Strategies: CD73 expression levels can serve as a biomarker for various cancers, aiding in diagnosis and prognosis . Therapeutic strategies targeting CD73 include monoclonal antibodies and small molecule inhibitors that block its enzymatic activity and reduce adenosine production .
Development to Aging and Disease: CD73 plays a role throughout the life cycle, from development to aging. During development, CD73 is involved in tissue differentiation and organogenesis . In aging and disease, CD73’s immunosuppressive functions contribute to the progression of chronic inflammatory conditions and cancer .
