CD Antigens
Product List
CD226 Human
CD226 Human Recombinant
CD226 is fused to a 23 amino acid His-tag at N-terminus & purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.
CD226 Human, Sf9
CD226 Human Recombinant, Sf9
Introduction
CD226, also known as DNAM-1 (DNAX Accessory Molecule-1), PTA-1 (Platelet and T cell antigen 1), or TLiSA1 (T lineage specific activation antigen 1), is a 65 kDa immunoglobulin-like transmembrane glycoprotein. It belongs to the immunoglobulin superfamily and is expressed on the surface of various immune cells, including natural killer (NK) cells, T cells, B cells, dendritic cells, hematopoietic precursor cells, platelets, and monocytes .
Key Biological Properties: CD226 is characterized by its two immunoglobulin-like V-set domains and eight N-glycosylation sites. It has a transmembrane domain and a cytosolic domain containing tyrosine and serine residues for phosphorylation .
Expression Patterns and Tissue Distribution: CD226 is ubiquitously and constitutively expressed on the majority of NK cells, T cells, and other immune cells. It is highly expressed in tissues such as blood, spleen, thymus, lymph nodes, bone marrow, and various epithelial tissues .
Primary Biological Functions: CD226 plays a crucial role in the immune response by mediating cell adhesion, cytotoxicity, and cytokine production. It is involved in the positive regulation of NK cell-mediated cytotoxicity, T cell receptor signaling, and interferon-gamma production .
Role in Immune Responses and Pathogen Recognition: CD226 is essential for the recognition and elimination of tumor cells and infected cells. It binds to its ligands, CD155 and CD112, on target cells, facilitating immune cell activation and cytotoxic responses .
Mechanisms with Other Molecules and Cells: CD226 interacts with its ligands, CD155 and CD112, which are expressed on tumor cells and other target cells. This interaction promotes the activation of NK cells and T cells, leading to the destruction of the target cells .
Binding Partners and Downstream Signaling Cascades: CD226 competes with inhibitory receptors such as TIGIT and CD96 for binding to CD155 and CD112. Upon binding, CD226 triggers downstream signaling cascades involving the activation of LFA-1 and other signaling molecules, enhancing immune cell functions .
Transcriptional Regulation: The expression of CD226 is regulated by transcription factors such as Eomes. Eomes-dependent transcriptional downregulation of CD226 has been observed in tumor-infiltrating CD8+ T cells .
Post-Translational Modifications: CD226 undergoes post-translational modifications, including phosphorylation, which modulate its activity and interactions with other molecules. Tumor-derived CD155 can also downregulate CD226 expression on immune cells .
Biomedical Research: CD226 is a valuable marker in immunological studies, particularly in understanding immune cell interactions and functions.
Diagnostic Tools: CD226 expression levels can serve as biomarkers for certain diseases, including autoimmune disorders and cancers .
Therapeutic Strategies: Targeting CD226 and its pathways holds potential for developing immunotherapies for cancer and other diseases. Enhancing CD226 activity can boost antitumor immunity, while inhibiting its function may help in treating autoimmune diseases .
Development to Aging and Disease: CD226 plays a role throughout the life cycle, from the development of the immune system to its function in aging and disease. Its expression and activity are crucial for maintaining immune surveillance and response, and dysregulation of CD226 can contribute to the progression of various diseases, including cancer and autoimmune disorders .
