Cytokines
Product List
GDF15 Mouse
Growth and Differentiation factor 15 Mouse Recombinant
GDF3 Human
Growth Differentiation Factor-3 Human Recombinant
GDF3 is fused to a 10 amino acid His Tag at N-terminus and purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.
GDF5 Human
Growth Differentiation Factor-5 Human Recombinant
GDF5 is purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.
GDF5 Human, His
Growth differentiation factor 5 Human Recombinant, His Tag
GDF5 Human Recombinant produced in E.Coli is a single, non-glycosylated, polypeptide chain containing 141 amino acids (382-501 a.a.) and having a total molecular mass of 15.8 kDa.
GDF5 is fused to a 20 amino acid His Tag at N-terminus and purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.
GDF5 Mouse
Growth and Differentiation factor 5 Mouse Recombinant
The GDF-5 is purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.
GDF5 Mouse, His
Growth differentiation factor 5 Mouse Recombinant, His Tag
GDF5 is fused to a 23 amino acid His-tag at N-terminus & purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.
GDF7 Human
Growth and Differentiation factor 7 Human Recombinant
The GDF-7 is purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.
GDF7 Mouse
Growth and Differentiation factor 7 Mouse Recombinant
The GDF-7 is purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.
TSG Human
Twisted Gastrulation Protein Human Recombinant
The TWSG1 is purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.
BMP 2 Human, HEK
Bone Morphogenetic protein-2 Human Recombinant, HEK
BMP-2 Human Recombinant produced in HEK cells is a glycosylated disulfide-linked homodimer, having a molecular weight range of 28kDa due to glycosylation. The BMP2 is purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.
Introduction
Bone Morphogenetic Proteins (BMPs) are a group of growth factors and cytokines that belong to the Transforming Growth Factor-Beta (TGF-β) superfamily . They were initially discovered for their ability to induce the formation of bone and cartilage. BMPs are pivotal morphogenetic signals that orchestrate tissue architecture throughout the body . There are over 20 different BMPs, each with specific roles in various biological processes .
Key Biological Properties: BMPs are multifunctional growth factors involved in bone and cartilage development, embryogenesis, hematopoiesis, and neurogenesis . They stimulate the differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells into osteoblasts, which are essential for bone formation .
Expression Patterns and Tissue Distribution: BMPs are expressed in various tissues, including bone, cartilage, teeth, and kidneys . They are secreted glycoproteins that play crucial roles in developmental processes .
Primary Biological Functions: BMPs are essential for bone and cartilage development. They induce the formation of bone and cartilage by promoting the differentiation of mesenchymal cells into osteoblasts . BMPs also play roles in cell migration, growth, and differentiation during embryogenesis .
Role in Immune Responses and Pathogen Recognition: BMPs modulate inflammation, angiogenesis, and immune responses, providing biological cues for tissue repair, protection, and regeneration .
Mechanisms with Other Molecules and Cells: BMPs function by binding to specific receptors on cell surfaces, initiating signaling pathways that result in osteoblast differentiation . They interact with type II and type I serine-threonine kinase receptors and transduce signals through Smad and non-Smad signaling pathways .
Binding Partners and Downstream Signaling Cascades: BMPs bind to their receptors, leading to the phosphorylation of Smad proteins. These phosphorylated Smads form complexes with Smad4, translocate to the nucleus, and regulate the transcription of target genes .
Regulatory Mechanisms: BMP signaling is finely tuned by various mechanisms, including extracellular antagonists, BMP prodomains, and co-receptors . These regulatory mechanisms ensure precise control of BMP activity and signaling outcomes .
Transcriptional Regulation and Post-Translational Modifications: BMP ligands are processed from larger precursor forms by proteases, which cleave the prodomain region away from the functional mature domain . This processing is crucial for the activation and regulation of BMP signaling .
Biomedical Research: BMPs are extensively studied for their roles in bone and cartilage development, as well as their potential therapeutic applications .
Diagnostic Tools and Therapeutic Strategies: Recombinant human BMPs (rhBMPs) are used in orthopedic applications such as spinal fusions, nonunions, and oral surgery . BMP-2 and BMP-7 are FDA-approved for specific uses . BMPs are also being explored for their potential in treating chronic kidney disease and other conditions .
Role Throughout the Life Cycle: BMPs play critical roles from embryonic development to aging and disease. During embryogenesis, BMPs are involved in the formation of bone, cartilage, and other tissues . In adults, BMPs contribute to bone homeostasis, repair, and regeneration . Dysregulation of BMP signaling is associated with various pathological conditions, including cancer and fibrosis .
BMPs are essential for maintaining bone health throughout life, ensuring proper bone remodeling and regeneration . They are also involved in the regulation of osteoclast and osteoblast activity, which is crucial for bone homeostasis .
