Growth Factors
Product List
Prolactin Human, Antagonist
Prolactin Antagonist Human Recombinant
Prolactin Human Recombinant Antagonist des 1-9, G129R produced in E.Coli is a single, non-glycosylated polypeptide chain containing 190 amino acids + an additional Ala at n-terminal and having a molecular mass of ~ 22 kDa.
The Human Prolactin Antagonist is purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.
Prolactin Human, His
Prolactin Human Recombinant, His Tag
The Prolactin is purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.
Introduction
Prolactin (PRL), also known as lactotropin and mammotropin, is a protein hormone primarily associated with lactation in mammals . It is encoded by the PRL gene and is secreted by the anterior pituitary gland . Prolactin belongs to the family of lactogenic hormones, which also includes growth hormone and placental lactogens .
Key Biological Properties: Prolactin is a multifunctional hormone with over 300 known biological activities . It is involved in reproductive, metabolic, osmoregulatory, and immunoregulatory processes .
Expression Patterns: Prolactin is primarily produced by lactotroph cells in the anterior pituitary gland, but it is also synthesized in various extrapituitary sites, including the immune system, brain, and mammary glands .
Tissue Distribution: Prolactin receptors are widely distributed throughout the body, including the mammary glands, liver, ovaries, prostate, and immune cells .
Primary Biological Functions: Prolactin’s primary role is to stimulate milk production (lactation) in mammals . It also plays a crucial role in the regulation of the immune system, pancreatic development, and metabolism .
Role in Immune Responses and Pathogen Recognition: Prolactin acts as a cytokine-like molecule, influencing the immune response by modulating the activity of immune cells and enhancing pathogen recognition .
Mechanisms with Other Molecules and Cells: Prolactin exerts its effects by binding to prolactin receptors (PRLR) on the surface of target cells . This binding activates several intracellular signaling pathways, including the JAK2/STAT5, MAPK, and PI3K/AKT pathways .
Binding Partners and Downstream Signaling Cascades: Upon binding to its receptor, prolactin induces receptor dimerization and activation of downstream signaling cascades, leading to changes in gene expression and cellular functions .
Control of Expression and Activity: Prolactin secretion is primarily regulated by dopamine, which inhibits its release from the pituitary gland . Other factors, such as estrogen and thyrotropin-releasing hormone, can stimulate prolactin release .
Transcriptional Regulation and Post-Translational Modifications: The expression of prolactin is controlled at the transcriptional level by various promoters and regulatory elements . Post-translational modifications, such as phosphorylation, also play a role in modulating prolactin’s activity .
Biomedical Research: Prolactin is widely studied in biomedical research for its roles in lactation, reproduction, and immune regulation .
Diagnostic Tools: Measurement of prolactin levels is used in the diagnosis of pituitary tumors, infertility, and other endocrine disorders .
Therapeutic Strategies: Prolactin and its receptor are potential targets for therapeutic interventions in conditions such as breast cancer, hyperprolactinemia, and autoimmune diseases .
Development to Aging and Disease: Prolactin plays a vital role throughout the life cycle, from prenatal development to aging . It is involved in the development of the mammary glands, regulation of the menstrual cycle, and maintenance of pregnancy . Prolactin levels can also influence the progression of certain diseases, such as prolactinomas and breast cancer .
