H7N7 Netherlands

H7N7 Influenza-A Virus Netherlands/219/03 Recombinant

Recombinant Full-Length H7N7 A/Netherlands/219/03 is glycosylated with N-linked sugars, produced using baculovirus vectors in insect cells and its Mw is approximately 70,000 Dalton.
Shipped with Ice Packs
Cat. No.
BT26948
Source
Baculovirus Insect Cells.
Appearance
Sterile Filtered colorless solution.

H9N2 Hong-Kong

H9N2 Influenza-A Virus Hong-Kong/1073/99 Recombinant

Recombinant Full-Length H9N2 A/Hong-Kong/1073/99 is glycosylated with N-linked sugars, produced using baculovirus vectors in insect cells and its Mw is 72,000 dalton. The accession number is AJ404626.
Shipped with Ice Packs
Cat. No.
BT27009
Source
Baculovirus Insect Cells.
Appearance
Sterile Filtered colorless solution.

IAV-NP

Influenza A Virus Nucleoprotein Recombinant

Recombinant Influenza A Virus Nucleoprotein produced in E. coli having a Mw of 66.6kDa. IAV-NP is fused to a 6xHis tag at its C terminal is and purified by proprietary chromatographic technique.

Shipped with Ice Packs
Cat. No.
BT27090
Source

E. coli.

Appearance

Sterile Filtered clear solution.

IBV-NP

Influenza B Virus Nucleoprotein Recombinant

Recombinant Influenza B Virus Nucleoprotein produced in E. coli having a Mw of 76.8kDa. IBV-NP is fused to a 6xHis tag at its C terminal is and purified by proprietary chromatographic technique.

Shipped with Ice Packs
Cat. No.
BT27165
Source

E. coli.

Appearance

Sterile Filtered clear solution.

Influenza B Florida

Influenza-B Virus Florida 04/06

Allantoic fluid of 10 days old embryonated eggs, inoculated with influenza B virus, strain B/Florida/04/06. The Influenza B Virus was purified by Ultracentrifugation with 10-40 % sucrose gradient.
Shipped with Ice Packs
Cat. No.
BT27247
Source
Appearance
Sterile Filtered colorless solution.

Influenza B Malaysia

Influenza-B Virus Malaysia 2506/04 Recombinant

Recombinant Full-Length B/Malaysia/2506/2004 is glycosylated with N-linked sugars, produced using baculovirus vectors in insect cells. The MW is approximately 72,000 Dalton.
Shipped with Ice Packs
Cat. No.
BT27327
Source
Baculovirus Insect Cells.
Appearance
Sterile Filtered colorless solution.

Influenza-A Solomon Islands

H1N1 Influenza-A Virus Solomon Islands/03/06

Allantoic fluid of 10 days old embryonated eggs, inoculated with influenza A virus, strain A/Solomon Islands/03/06. The Influenza Virus was purified by Ultracentrifugation with 10-40 % sucrose gradient.
Shipped with Ice Packs
Cat. No.
BT27398
Source
Appearance
Sterile Filtered colorless solution.

Influenza-B Florida

Influenza-B Virus Florida 07/04

Allantoic fluid of 10 days old embryonated eggs, inoculated with influenza B virus, strain B/Florida/07/04. The Influenza B Virus was purified by Ultracentrifugation with 10-40 % sucrose gradient.
Shipped with Ice Packs
Cat. No.
BT27500
Source
Appearance
Sterile Filtered colorless solution.

Influenza-B Jilin

Influenza-B Virus Jilin 20/2003 Recombinant

Recombinant Full-Length B/Jilin/20/2003 is glycosylated with N-linked sugars, produced using baculovirus vectors in insect cells.
Shipped with Ice Packs
Cat. No.
BT27596
Source
Baculovirus Insect Cells.
Appearance
Sterile Filtered colorless solution.

Influenza-B Malaysia

Influenza-B Virus Malaysia/2506/04

Allantoic fluid of 10 days old embryonated eggs, inoculated with influenza B virus, strain B/Malaysia/2506/04. The Influenza B Virus was purified by Ultracentrifugation with 10-40 % sucrose gradient.
Shipped with Ice Packs
Cat. No.
BT27680
Source
Appearance
Sterile Filtered colorless solution.
Definition and Classification

Influenza, commonly known as the flu, is an infectious disease caused by the influenza virus. It primarily affects the respiratory system, including the nose, throat, and lungs. Influenza viruses are classified into four types: A, B, C, and D. Among these, Influenza A and B are the most common and are responsible for seasonal flu epidemics. Influenza A viruses are further subtyped based on the hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) proteins on their surface, such as H1N1 and H3N2.

Biological Properties

Key Biological Properties: Influenza viruses are enveloped, single-stranded RNA viruses belonging to the Orthomyxoviridae family. They have a segmented genome, which allows for genetic reassortment and high mutation rates.

Expression Patterns: Influenza viruses express several proteins, including HA, NA, matrix proteins (M1 and M2), nucleoprotein (NP), and non-structural proteins (NS1 and NS2).

Tissue Distribution: Influenza primarily infects epithelial cells in the respiratory tract. The virus binds to sialic acid receptors on the surface of these cells, facilitating entry and replication.

Biological Functions

Primary Biological Functions: The primary function of influenza viruses is to replicate within host cells and produce progeny virions. This process involves the hijacking of the host’s cellular machinery to synthesize viral RNA and proteins.

Role in Immune Responses: Influenza viruses trigger both innate and adaptive immune responses. The innate immune response includes the production of interferons and other cytokines, while the adaptive immune response involves the activation of B cells and T cells to produce antibodies and cytotoxic T lymphocytes.

Pathogen Recognition: Influenza viruses are recognized by pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) such as Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and RIG-I-like receptors (RLRs), which detect viral RNA and initiate immune signaling pathways.

Modes of Action

Mechanisms with Other Molecules and Cells: Influenza viruses interact with host cell receptors, primarily sialic acid residues, to gain entry. Once inside, the viral RNA is released into the host cell’s cytoplasm, where it is transcribed and replicated.

Binding Partners: The HA protein binds to sialic acid receptors on host cells, while the NA protein helps release newly formed virions by cleaving sialic acid residues.

Downstream Signaling Cascades: Upon recognition by PRRs, signaling cascades such as the NF-κB and IRF pathways are activated, leading to the production of interferons and other cytokines that mediate antiviral responses.

Regulatory Mechanisms

Transcriptional Regulation: The transcription of viral RNA is regulated by the viral RNA polymerase complex, which consists of the PB1, PB2, and PA proteins. This complex recognizes and binds to the viral RNA promoter regions.

Post-Translational Modifications: Influenza viral proteins undergo various post-translational modifications, including glycosylation, phosphorylation, and ubiquitination, which are essential for their function and stability.

Applications

Biomedical Research: Influenza viruses are extensively studied in biomedical research to understand viral pathogenesis, host immune responses, and mechanisms of viral evolution.

Diagnostic Tools: Rapid diagnostic tests, polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and viral culture are commonly used to detect influenza infections.

Therapeutic Strategies: Antiviral drugs such as oseltamivir (Tamiflu) and zanamivir (Relenza) are used to treat influenza. Vaccination is the most effective preventive measure, with annual flu vaccines formulated to target the most prevalent strains.

Role in the Life Cycle
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