Viral Antigens
Product List
T.pallidum p15
Treponema pallidum p15 Recombinant
T.pallidum p15 (Partial)
Treponema pallidum p15 (Partial) Recombinant
T.pallidum p15 (Partial), His
Treponema pallidum p15 (Partial) Recombinant, His Tag
The E.Coli derived recombinant 6xHis tag fusion protein is a multimer having a molecular mass of 15kDa and contains the Trp. Pallidum p15 immunodominant regions and six histidines fused at the C- terminus.
T.pallidum p17
Treponema pallidum p17 Recombinant
T.pallidum p17 (Partial)
Treponema pallidum p17 (Partial) Recombinant
T.pallidum p41
Treponema pallidum p41 Recombinant
T.pallidum p41 Mosaic
Treponema pallidum p41 Mosaic Recombinant
T.pallidum p47
Treponema pallidum p47 Recombinant
T.pallidum p47 (Partial)
Treponema pallidum p47 (Partial) Recombinant
T.pallidum TmpA
Treponema pallidum TmpA Recombinant
Introduction
Treponema is a genus of spiral-shaped bacteria belonging to the family Spirochaetaceae. These bacteria are characterized by their helical shape and motility. The genus includes both pathogenic and non-pathogenic species. The most notable pathogenic species is Treponema pallidum, which is responsible for diseases such as syphilis, bejel, and yaws .
Key Biological Properties: Treponema species are helical, tightly coiled, and motile bacteria, ranging from 5–20 µm in length and 0.1–0.4 µm in diameter . They have a thick phospholipid membrane and a very slow rate of metabolism . Treponema pallidum, for instance, lacks a tricarboxylic acid cycle and processes for oxidative phosphorylation, resulting in minimal metabolic activity .
Expression Patterns and Tissue Distribution: Treponema species are obligate parasites, meaning they require a host to survive. They are found in various tissues, including the genitalia, oral cavity, and gastrointestinal tract . Treponema pallidum is known to be transmitted only among humans and baboons .
Primary Biological Functions: Treponema species play a crucial role in their host’s microbiome. Pathogenic species like Treponema pallidum are responsible for causing chronic diseases such as syphilis .
Role in Immune Responses and Pathogen Recognition: Treponema pallidum has evolved mechanisms to evade the host’s immune system. Its outer membrane proteins (OMPs) are key factors for pathogenesis, persistence, and immune evasion . The relatively low protein content of the outer membrane prevents antigen recognition by the immune system .
Mechanisms with Other Molecules and Cells: Treponema pallidum interacts with host cells through its outer membrane proteins. These proteins facilitate attachment to host cells and play a role in immune evasion .
Binding Partners and Downstream Signaling Cascades: The outer membrane proteins of Treponema pallidum interact with host cell receptors, initiating signaling cascades that facilitate bacterial invasion and immune evasion .
Regulatory Mechanisms Controlling Expression and Activity: The expression of Treponema pallidum’s outer membrane proteins is tightly regulated. This regulation is crucial for the bacterium’s ability to evade the host’s immune system and establish infection .
Transcriptional Regulation and Post-Translational Modifications: The regulatory mechanisms include transcriptional regulation and post-translational modifications of outer membrane proteins, which are essential for the bacterium’s pathogenicity .
Diagnostic Tools: Treponema pallidum’s outer membrane proteins are used as biomarkers for the diagnosis of syphilis . Rapid tests can provide results in a few minutes, facilitating immediate treatment initiation .
Therapeutic Strategies: Research is ongoing to develop vaccines targeting Treponema pallidum’s outer membrane proteins. These vaccines aim to provide immune protection against syphilis .
Role Throughout the Life Cycle: Treponema species play a role throughout their host’s life cycle. For instance, Treponema pallidum can be transmitted from mother to baby during childbirth, leading to congenital syphilis . The bacterium’s ability to evade the immune system allows it to persist in the host for extended periods, contributing to chronic disease .
