Viral Antigens
Product List
HTNV
Hantavirus Recombinant
The Hantavirus nucleocapsid (N) fusion protein is expressed in E. coli and is fused to 6xHis tag. Hantavirus nucleocapsid (N) is conserved among different strains, and is used to test the specific IgM and IgG to Hantavirus.
Introduction
Hantaviruses are a genus of viruses within the family Hantaviridae, which are part of the order Bunyavirales . These viruses are primarily carried by rodents and can cause severe diseases in humans, such as Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome (HPS) and Hemorrhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome (HFRS) . Hantaviruses are classified into Old World and New World hantaviruses based on their geographical distribution and the diseases they cause .
Hantaviruses are enveloped, single-stranded RNA viruses with a tri-segmented genome consisting of small (S), medium (M), and large (L) segments . These viruses exhibit a spherical shape with a size ranging from 80 to 120 nm . Hantaviruses are primarily expressed in endothelial cells, macrophages, and dendritic cells . The tissue distribution of hantaviruses includes the lungs, kidneys, and spleen .
The primary biological functions of hantaviruses include the ability to infect host cells and replicate within them . Hantaviruses play a significant role in immune responses by interacting with host immune cells, such as dendritic cells and macrophages . They are recognized by the host’s immune system through pathogen recognition receptors, leading to the activation of immune responses .
Hantaviruses attach to host cell surface receptors via their glycoproteins and enter the cells through endocytosis . Once inside the cell, the viral ribonucleoproteins (RNPs) are released into the cytoplasm, where transcription and translation occur . Hantaviruses interact with various cellular molecules and binding partners, leading to the activation of downstream signaling cascades that facilitate viral replication and spread .
The expression and activity of hantaviruses are regulated through various mechanisms, including transcriptional regulation and post-translational modifications . Hantavirus nucleocapsid protein (NP) binds to viral mRNA and ribosomal subunits, enhancing the translation of viral proteins . Additionally, hantaviruses can modulate host cell proteomes to favor viral replication and persistence .
Hantaviruses have significant applications in biomedical research, particularly in understanding viral pathogenesis and host-virus interactions . They are also used in the development of diagnostic tools for detecting hantavirus infections . Therapeutic strategies, including antiviral drugs and vaccines, are being explored to combat hantavirus infections .
Throughout their life cycle, hantaviruses play a crucial role in infecting host cells, replicating, and spreading to new hosts . The life cycle begins with the attachment of the virus to host cell receptors, followed by endocytosis and release of viral RNPs into the cytoplasm . Transcription and translation of viral proteins occur, leading to the assembly of new virions and their release from the host cell . Hantaviruses can persist in their rodent hosts for prolonged periods, facilitating their transmission to humans .
