Hormones
Product List
TRH Human
Thyrotropin Releasing Hormone Human
The TRH is purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.
VIP
Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide
Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide Synthetic is a single, non-glycosylated polypeptide chain containing 28 amino acids, having a molecular mass of 3325 Dalton and a Molecular formula of C147H238N44O42S .
DIHEXA
DIHEXA
DIHEXA Synthetic is a single, non-glycosylated polypeptide chain containing 3 amino acids, having a molecular mass of 504.28 Dalton and a Molecular formula of C27H44N4O5.
DSIP
Delta Sleep Inducing Peptide
DSIP Synthetic is a single, non-glycosylated polypeptide chain containing 15 amino acids, having a molecular mass of 1419.55 Dalton and a Molecular formula of C62H98N16O22.
Elamipretide
Elamipretide
Elamipretide Synthetic is a single, non-glycosylated polypeptide chain containing 4 amino acids, having a molecular mass of 640 Dalton and a Molecular formula of C32H49N9O5 .
Epitalon
Epitalon
Epithalon Synthetic is a single, non-glycosylated polypeptide chain containing 4 amino acids, having a molecular mass of 390.35 Dalton and a Molecular formula of C14H22N4O9.
Sterile Filtered White lyophilized (freeze-dried) powder.
Fertirelin
Fertirelin
Fertirelin Synthetic is a single, non-glycosylated polypeptide chain containing 9 amino acids, having a molecular mass of 1153.31 Dalton and a Molecular formula of C55H76N16O12.
GHRL Human
Ghrelin Human Recombinant
Humanin
Humanin
Humanin Synthetic is a single, non-glycosylated polypeptide chain containing 24 amino acids, having a molecular mass of 2687 Dalton and a Molecular formula of C119H204N34O32S2 .
Kisspeptin-10
Kisspeptin-10
Kisspeptin-10 Synthetic is a single, non-glycosylated polypeptide chain containing 10 amino acids, having a molecular mass of 1302 Dalton and a Molecular formula of C63H83N17O14 .
Introduction
Hormones are chemical messengers produced by glands in the endocrine system. They travel through the bloodstream to target organs and tissues, where they regulate various physiological processes. Hormones can be classified into three main categories based on their chemical composition:
Key Biological Properties: Hormones have low molecular weight, act in low concentrations, and are soluble in water, allowing them to be transported via blood . They are not stored beforehand and are secreted in response to specific stimuli.
Expression Patterns and Tissue Distribution: Hormones are produced by various glands, including the pituitary, thyroid, adrenal glands, and pancreas. Each gland produces specific hormones that target different tissues and organs .
Mechanisms with Other Molecules and Cells: Hormones interact with specific receptors on target cells. These interactions can be categorized into two types:
- Lipid-Soluble Hormones: These hormones diffuse through the plasma membrane and bind to intracellular receptors, altering gene expression .
- Water-Soluble Hormones: These hormones bind to cell-surface receptors, initiating intracellular signaling cascades .
Binding Partners and Downstream Signaling Cascades: Hormone-receptor binding triggers a series of events inside the cell, including protein synthesis, enzyme activation or deactivation, and changes in cell permeability .
Control of Expression and Activity: Hormone levels are regulated by feedback mechanisms. Negative feedback loops maintain hormone concentrations within a narrow range, while positive feedback loops amplify hormone production in response to specific stimuli .
Transcriptional Regulation and Post-Translational Modifications: Hormones can influence gene expression by binding to DNA and regulating transcription. Post-translational modifications, such as phosphorylation, can also modulate hormone activity .
Biomedical Research: Hormones are used to study various physiological processes and disease mechanisms. For example, insulin is crucial in diabetes research .
Diagnostic Tools: Hormone levels are measured to diagnose endocrine disorders, such as hypothyroidism and diabetes .
Therapeutic Strategies: Hormone replacement therapies are used to treat conditions like hypothyroidism, menopause, and growth hormone deficiencies .
Development to Aging and Disease: Hormones play a vital role throughout the life cycle. During development, they regulate growth and differentiation. In adulthood, they maintain homeostasis and reproductive functions. As individuals age, hormone levels decline, contributing to age-related changes and diseases .
