Humanin

Humanin was first discovered in 2001 by Dr. Mori and colleagues while they were investigating genes related to Alzheimer’s disease. It is a mitochondrial-derived peptide (MDP), meaning it is encoded by the mitochondrial DNA rather than the nuclear DNA . Specifically, Humanin is encoded within the 16S ribosomal RNA gene (MT-RNR2) in the mitochondrial genome .

Humanin is a small peptide consisting of 24 amino acids when produced outside the mitochondria and 21 amino acids when produced inside the mitochondria . Its structure includes a three-turn α-helix, which is crucial for its biological activity . Humanin has been shown to have cytoprotective effects, meaning it helps protect cells from various forms of stress and damage .

Humanin plays several important roles in the body:

• Neuroprotection: It has been shown to exert protective effects against neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s .
• Cardiovascular Health: Humanin helps reduce inflammation and oxidative stress, which are key factors in the development of cardiovascular diseases .
• Metabolic Regulation: It improves glucose metabolism and insulin sensitivity, making it a potential therapeutic candidate for diabetes and obesity .
• Longevity: Studies in animal models have shown that Humanin can increase both lifespan and health span by promoting autophagy and maintaining mitochondrial function .

Humanin’s ability to protect cells and maintain mitochondrial function under stress has made it a subject of intense research. Its potential therapeutic applications are vast, ranging from treating age-related diseases to improving overall health and longevity .