Hormones
Product List
STC 1 Human
Stanniocalcin-1 Human Recombinant
Stanniocalcin-1 Human Recombinant produced in 293 cell line is a single, glycosylated, polypeptide chain containing 240 amino acids and having a total molecular mass of 25.9 kDa. The Stanniocalcin contains 10 residues form the C-Terminal Flag- tag.
Stanniocalcin is purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.
STC 2 Human
Stanniocalcin-2 Human Recombinant
Stanniocalcin is purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.
The amino acid sequence of the recombinant human Stanniocalcin-2 is 100% homologous to the amino acid sequence AA 25-302 of the human mature Human Stanniocalcin-2.
STC 2 Human, His
Stanniocalcin-2 Human Recombinant, His Tag
Introduction
Stanniocalcin (STC) is a family of glycoprotein hormones that regulate calcium and phosphate balance in the body. Initially discovered in fish, stanniocalcins were identified as the principal calcium-reducing (hypocalcaemic) factors. They are glycosylated proteins with a molecular mass of approximately 50 kDa and exist as homodimers joined by disulfide linkages .
Key Biological Properties: Stanniocalcins are glycosylated, disulfide-linked, homodimeric hormones. They play a critical role in calcium and phosphate homeostasis .
Expression Patterns and Tissue Distribution: In mammals, two paralogs of stanniocalcin, STC1 and STC2, have been identified. These are widely expressed in various tissues, including the kidney, ovary, bone, prostate, thyroid, neuron, and muscle .
Primary Biological Functions: Stanniocalcins are involved in regulating calcium and phosphate levels. They inhibit calcium uptake and stimulate phosphate reabsorption . Additionally, STC2 has been shown to facilitate cells in dealing with stress conditions and prevent apoptosis .
Role in Immune Responses and Pathogen Recognition: STC2 overexpression promotes cell proliferation, migration, and immune response, highlighting its potential role in immune responses .
Mechanisms with Other Molecules and Cells: Stanniocalcins function in an autocrine and/or paracrine manner. They regulate calcium entry through gills and intestines in fish and control phosphate transport across epithelia in the gut and kidney in mammals .
Binding Partners and Downstream Signaling Cascades: STC1 has been shown to bind to integrin β6 (ITGB6) to activate the PI3K signaling pathway, which is involved in various cellular processes .
Regulatory Mechanisms Controlling Expression and Activity: The expression of stanniocalcins is regulated at both transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels. High external calcium levels increase STC1 secretion via the calcium-sensing receptor . Additionally, STC2 expression is significantly stimulated under stress conditions like ER stress, hypoxia, and nutrient deprivation .
Transcriptional Regulation and Post-Translational Modifications: Stanniocalcins are regulated by various factors, including insulin-like growth factor (IGF) signaling, which affects their expression and activity .
Biomedical Research: Stanniocalcins are used as biomarkers in cancer research due to their overexpression in various tumor cells and tissues .
Diagnostic Tools and Therapeutic Strategies: STC2’s role in promoting acquired resistance to chemo- and radio-therapies makes it a potential therapeutic target . Additionally, STC1’s involvement in calcium and phosphate homeostasis has implications for treating related disorders .
Role Throughout the Life Cycle: Stanniocalcins play a role in various stages of life, from development to aging. They are involved in calcium and phosphate regulation, which is crucial for bone and muscle development . In aging and disease, their role in stress response and apoptosis prevention becomes significant .
