Hormones
Product List
GLP 1 Human
Human Glucagon Like Peptide-1
The GLP-1 is purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.
GLP-1 Human (31 a.a.)
Glucagon Like Peptide-1 (31 a.a.) Human Recombinant
GLP1R Human
Glucagon Like Peptide 1 Receptor Human Recombinant
GLP1R Human Recombinant produced in E.Coli is a single, non-glycosylated, polypeptide chain (aa 24-145) containing 132 amino acids including a 10 a.a N-terminal His tag. The total molecular mass is 15.55 kDa (calculated).
Escherichia Coli.
Introduction
Good Laboratory Practice (GLP) is a set of principles intended to ensure the quality and integrity of non-clinical laboratory studies. These principles cover the organizational process and the conditions under which studies are planned, performed, monitored, recorded, reported, and archived . GLP is classified into various guidelines and regulations, such as the OECD Principles of GLP and the FDA’s GLP regulations (21 CFR Part 58) .
Key Biological Properties: GLP-1 (Glucagon-like peptide-1) is a 30- or 31-amino-acid-long peptide hormone derived from the tissue-specific posttranslational processing of the proglucagon peptide .
Expression Patterns: GLP-1 is produced and secreted by intestinal enteroendocrine L-cells and certain neurons within the nucleus of the solitary tract in the brainstem upon food consumption .
Tissue Distribution: The majority of GLP-1-producing L-cells are located in the distal ileum and colon .
Primary Biological Functions: GLP-1 plays a crucial role in glucose homeostasis by enhancing insulin secretion in a glucose-dependent manner . It also has regulatory and protective effects, such as reducing neuroinflammation, promoting nerve growth, and improving heart function .
Role in Immune Responses and Pathogen Recognition: GLP-1 has been associated with various regulatory and protective effects, including reducing oxidative stress in vascular tissues and protecting pancreatic β-cells .
Mechanisms with Other Molecules and Cells: GLP-1 acts through hormonal and neural pathways to regulate islet function, satiety, and gut motility . It binds to the GLP-1 receptor (GLP-1R), which is widely expressed in multiple regions of the rodent and human brain .
Binding Partners and Downstream Signaling Cascades: GLP-1 potentiates glucose-dependent insulin secretion by binding to its receptor on pancreatic β-cells, activating downstream signaling pathways that enhance insulin secretion .
Regulatory Mechanisms Controlling Expression and Activity: GLP-1 production is regulated by mechanical stimuli caused by chyme in the gut, involving the mechanogated ion channel Piezo1 .
Transcriptional Regulation and Post-Translational Modifications: The proglucagon gene is expressed in several organs, including the pancreas, gut, and brain. Tissue-specific posttranslational processing mechanisms produce different peptides in different cells .
Biomedical Research: GLP-1 and its receptor agonists are extensively studied for their role in glucose homeostasis and potential therapeutic applications in diabetes and obesity .
Diagnostic Tools: GLP-1 levels can be measured to assess glucose tolerance and insulin secretion capacity .
Therapeutic Strategies: GLP-1 receptor agonists and DPP-4 inhibitors have been developed to increase GLP-1 activity, offering benefits such as weight loss and a lower risk of hypoglycemia in patients with type 2 diabetes .
Role Throughout the Life Cycle: GLP-1 plays a significant role in regulating glucose levels throughout life. Its production and activity are crucial for maintaining glucose homeostasis from development to aging . GLP-1 receptor agonists have shown potential in treating age-related metabolic disorders and improving overall metabolic health .
