Hormones
Product List
GCGR Human
Glucagon Receptor Human Recombinant
GCGR Human Recombinant produced in E. coli is a single, non-glycosylated polypeptide chain (a.a 29-142) containing 125 amino acids including an 8 a.a C-terminal His tag. The total molecular mass is 19.9kDa (calculated).
E. coli
Glucagon
Glucagon Human
The Glucagon is purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.
Glucagon Human
Glucagon Human Recombinant
The Glucagon is purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.
Glucagon Human, His
Glucagon Human Recombinant, His Tag
Glucagon is fused to a 21 amino acid His-tag at N-terminus & purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.
Introduction
Key Biological Properties: Glucagon is a 29-amino acid polypeptide with a molecular mass of 3485 daltons . It is synthesized from the preproglucagon gene (GCG) and undergoes post-translational modifications to become biologically active .
Expression Patterns and Tissue Distribution: Glucagon is primarily produced in the alpha cells of the islets of Langerhans in the pancreas . It is also produced in the stomach and, to a lesser extent, in the gut . The hormone is secreted in response to low blood glucose levels, prolonged fasting, exercise, and protein-rich meals .
Primary Biological Functions: Glucagon’s main function is to increase blood glucose levels by promoting glycogenolysis (the breakdown of glycogen to glucose) and gluconeogenesis (the production of glucose from non-carbohydrate sources) in the liver . It also inhibits glycogenesis (the formation of glycogen from glucose) and promotes lipolysis (the breakdown of fats) in adipose tissue .
Role in Immune Responses and Pathogen Recognition: While glucagon’s primary role is in glucose metabolism, it indirectly supports immune function by ensuring adequate energy supply during immune responses .
Mechanisms with Other Molecules and Cells: Glucagon binds to specific glucagon receptors on the cell membrane, which are G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) . This binding activates adenylate cyclase, increasing intracellular cyclic AMP (cAMP) levels .
Binding Partners and Downstream Signaling Cascades: The increase in cAMP activates protein kinase A (PKA), which phosphorylates and activates various enzymes involved in glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis . This cascade ensures the rapid mobilization of glucose into the bloodstream .
Control of Expression and Activity: Glucagon secretion is tightly regulated by blood glucose levels. Low glucose levels stimulate glucagon release, while high glucose levels inhibit it .
Transcriptional Regulation and Post-Translational Modifications: The preproglucagon gene undergoes transcriptional regulation to produce proglucagon, which is then cleaved by proprotein convertase 2 to form active glucagon . Post-translational modifications, such as cleavage, are essential for its activation .
Biomedical Research: Glucagon is used in research to study metabolic pathways and glucose homeostasis .
Diagnostic Tools: Synthetic glucagon is used in diagnostic tests to assess pancreatic function and in radiologic exams to inhibit gastrointestinal motility .
Therapeutic Strategies: Glucagon injections are used to treat severe hypoglycemia in diabetic patients . It is also being explored for its potential in weight management and metabolic disorders .
