Hormones
Product List
PTH (1-34) Human
Parathyroid Hormone (1-34) Human
The PTH is purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.
PTH (1-84) Human
Parathyroid Hormone (1-84) Human Recombinant
Parathyroid Hormone 1-84 (full length) Human Recombinant produced in E.Coli is a single, non-glycosylated, polypeptide chain containing 84 amino acids, having an MW of ~9.4kDa.
The PTH is purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.
PTH (1-84) N15 Human
Parathyroid Hormone (1-84) N15 Labeled Human Recombinant
The PTH (1-84) N15 is purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.
PTH (7-34) Human
Parathyroid Hormone (7-34) Human Recombinant
The PTH is purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.
PTH (7-84) Human
Parathyroid Hormone (7-84) Human Recombinant
The PTH (7-84) is purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.
PTH (7-84) N15 Human
Parathyroid Hormone (7-84) N15 Labeled Human Recombinant
PTH Human
Parathyroid Hormone (1-34) Human Recombinant
The PTH is purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.
PTHrP Human
Parathyroid Hormone Related Protein Human Recombinant
The PTHrP is purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.
PTHrP N15 Human
Parathyroid Hormone Related Protein N15 Labeled Human Recombinant
The PTHrP is purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.
Introduction
Parathyroid hormone (PTH), also known as parathormone or parathyrin, is a peptide hormone secreted by the parathyroid glands. It plays a crucial role in regulating serum calcium concentration through its effects on bone, kidney, and intestine . PTH is classified as a polypeptide hormone and consists of 84 amino acids .
Key Biological Properties: PTH is a key regulator of calcium and phosphate metabolism in the body. It is secreted in response to low blood serum calcium levels and acts to increase serum calcium .
Expression Patterns: PTH is primarily expressed in the chief cells of the parathyroid glands .
Tissue Distribution: PTH receptors are found in various tissues, including bone, kidney, central nervous system, pancreas, testes, and placenta .
Primary Biological Functions: The primary function of PTH is to maintain calcium homeostasis. It stimulates the release of calcium from bones, reduces calcium excretion in the urine, and increases calcium absorption in the intestines .
Role in Immune Responses and Pathogen Recognition: While PTH is not directly involved in immune responses or pathogen recognition, its role in maintaining calcium homeostasis indirectly supports various physiological processes, including immune function .
Mechanisms with Other Molecules and Cells: PTH exerts its effects by binding to specific receptors on target cells. There are two main types of PTH receptors: PTH1 receptors, which are present in high levels on bone and kidney cells, and PTH2 receptors, which are found in the central nervous system, pancreas, testes, and placenta .
Binding Partners and Downstream Signaling Cascades: Upon binding to its receptors, PTH activates several downstream signaling pathways, including the cyclic AMP (cAMP) pathway, which leads to the activation of protein kinase A (PKA) and subsequent cellular responses .
Regulatory Mechanisms: The expression and activity of PTH are tightly regulated by serum calcium levels. Low calcium levels stimulate PTH secretion, while high calcium levels inhibit it . Additionally, PTH gene expression is regulated by vitamin D, phosphate, and fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) .
Transcriptional Regulation and Post-Translational Modifications: PTH gene transcription is influenced by various factors, including vitamin D response elements (VDREs) in the gene promoter . Post-translational modifications, such as phosphorylation, also play a role in regulating PTH activity .
Biomedical Research: PTH is extensively studied in the context of bone metabolism and calcium homeostasis. It serves as a model for understanding hormone-receptor interactions and signaling pathways .
Diagnostic Tools: PTH assays are used to diagnose and monitor conditions such as hyperparathyroidism, hypoparathyroidism, and chronic kidney disease .
Therapeutic Strategies: PTH analogs, such as teriparatide, are used in the treatment of osteoporosis to stimulate bone formation .
Development to Aging and Disease: PTH plays a critical role throughout the life cycle. During development, it ensures proper bone formation and mineralization. In adulthood, it maintains calcium homeostasis and bone health. Dysregulation of PTH can lead to conditions such as osteoporosis, hyperparathyroidism, and hypoparathyroidism .
