Hormones
Product List
Ornipressin
Ornipressin
Ornipressin Synthetic is a single, non-glycosylated polypeptide chain containing 9 amino acids, having a molecular mass of 1042.19 Dalton and a Molecular formula of C45H63N13O12 S2.
OT Human
Oxytocin Human
The OT is purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.
OXM Porcine
Oxyntomodulin Porcine Recombinant
The OXM is purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.
Pentagastrin
Pentagastrin
Pentagastrin Synthetic is a single, non-glycosylated polypeptide chain containing 5 amino acids, having a molecular mass of 768 Dalton and a Molecular formula of C37H49N7O9S .
PNC-27
PNC-27
PNC-27 Synthetic is a single, non-glycosylated polypeptide chain containing 32 amino acids, having a molecular mass of 4031.72 Dalton and a Molecular formula of C188H293N53O44S.
Sterile Filtered White lyophilized (freeze-dried) powder.
Proguanylin Human
Proguanylin Human Recombinant
Proguanylin Human Recombinant produced in E. coli is a single, non-glycosylated polypeptide chain (a.a 22-115) containing 104 amino acids including a 10 a.a N-terminal His tag. The total molecular mass is 11.5kDa (calculated).
SELANK
SELANK
SELANK Synthetic is a single, non-glycosylated polypeptide chain containing 7 amino acids, having a molecular mass of 751.89 Dalton and a Molecular formula of C33H57N11O9.
Semaglutide
Semaglutide
Semaglutide Synthetic is a single, non-glycosylated polypeptide chain containing 31 amino acids, having a molecular mass of 4113 Dalton and a Molecular formula of C187H291N45O59.
SEMAX
SEMAX
SEMAX Synthetic is a single, non-glycosylated polypeptide chain containing 7 amino acids, having a molecular mass of 813.92 Dalton and a Molecular formula of C37H51N19O1S.
Thymulin
Thymulin
Thymulin Synthetic is a single, non-glycosylated polypeptide chain containing 9 amino acids, having a molecular mass of 858 Dalton and a Molecular formula of C33H54N12O15.
Introduction
Hormones are chemical messengers produced by glands in the endocrine system. They travel through the bloodstream to target organs and tissues, where they regulate various physiological processes. Hormones can be classified into three main categories based on their chemical composition:
Key Biological Properties: Hormones have low molecular weight, act in low concentrations, and are soluble in water, allowing them to be transported via blood . They are not stored beforehand and are secreted in response to specific stimuli.
Expression Patterns and Tissue Distribution: Hormones are produced by various glands, including the pituitary, thyroid, adrenal glands, and pancreas. Each gland produces specific hormones that target different tissues and organs .
Mechanisms with Other Molecules and Cells: Hormones interact with specific receptors on target cells. These interactions can be categorized into two types:
- Lipid-Soluble Hormones: These hormones diffuse through the plasma membrane and bind to intracellular receptors, altering gene expression .
- Water-Soluble Hormones: These hormones bind to cell-surface receptors, initiating intracellular signaling cascades .
Binding Partners and Downstream Signaling Cascades: Hormone-receptor binding triggers a series of events inside the cell, including protein synthesis, enzyme activation or deactivation, and changes in cell permeability .
Control of Expression and Activity: Hormone levels are regulated by feedback mechanisms. Negative feedback loops maintain hormone concentrations within a narrow range, while positive feedback loops amplify hormone production in response to specific stimuli .
Transcriptional Regulation and Post-Translational Modifications: Hormones can influence gene expression by binding to DNA and regulating transcription. Post-translational modifications, such as phosphorylation, can also modulate hormone activity .
Biomedical Research: Hormones are used to study various physiological processes and disease mechanisms. For example, insulin is crucial in diabetes research .
Diagnostic Tools: Hormone levels are measured to diagnose endocrine disorders, such as hypothyroidism and diabetes .
Therapeutic Strategies: Hormone replacement therapies are used to treat conditions like hypothyroidism, menopause, and growth hormone deficiencies .
Development to Aging and Disease: Hormones play a vital role throughout the life cycle. During development, they regulate growth and differentiation. In adulthood, they maintain homeostasis and reproductive functions. As individuals age, hormone levels decline, contributing to age-related changes and diseases .
