Chemokines
Product List
CCL28 Human
Mucosae-Associated Epithelial Chemokine Human Recombinant (CCL28)
The CCL28 is purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.
CCL28 Human, His
Mucosae-Associated Epithelial Chemokine Human Recombinant (CCL28), His Tag
The CCL28 is fused to 20 amino acid His-Tag at N-terminus and purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.
CCL28 Mouse
Mucosae-Associated Epithelial Chemokine Mouse Recombinant (CCL28)
The CCL28 is purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.
CCL28 Rat
Mucosae-Associated Epithelial Chemokine (CCL28) Rat Recombinant
The Rat MEC is purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.
Introduction
Chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 28 (CCL28), also known as mucosae-associated epithelial chemokine (MEC), CCK1, and SCYA28, is a member of the CC chemokine subfamily . Chemokines are small cytokines or signaling proteins secreted by cells. CCL28 is primarily involved in the chemotaxis of cells expressing the chemokine receptors CCR3 and CCR10 .
Key Biological Properties: CCL28 is a 127-amino acid protein with a 22-amino acid N-terminal signal peptide . It is highly conserved between species, sharing 83% amino acid identity between human and mouse .
Expression Patterns and Tissue Distribution: CCL28 is expressed by columnar epithelial cells in the gut, lung, breast, and salivary glands . It is constitutively expressed in the colon but can be upregulated by pro-inflammatory cytokines and bacterial products . High levels of CCL28 mRNA are found in salivary glands, and it is also present in human saliva and milk .
Primary Biological Functions: CCL28 regulates the chemotaxis of cells that express CCR3 and CCR10 . It plays a crucial role in the mucosal homing of T and B lymphocytes and the migration of eosinophils .
Role in Immune Responses and Pathogen Recognition: CCL28 has been implicated in the migration of IgA-expressing cells to mucosal tissues such as the mammary gland, salivary gland, and intestine . It also exhibits antimicrobial activity against pathogens like Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria and the fungus Candida albicans .
Mechanisms with Other Molecules and Cells: CCL28 interacts with the chemokine receptors CCR3 and CCR10 . It acts as a chemoattractant for cells expressing these receptors, such as plasma cells .
Binding Partners and Downstream Signaling Cascades: CCL28 binding to CCR10 and CCR3 induces calcium mobilization and chemotaxis . It also rapidly induces membrane permeability in target microbes, contributing to its antimicrobial activity .
Regulatory Mechanisms Controlling Expression and Activity: The expression of CCL28 is regulated by inflammatory stimuli through an NFκB-dependent mechanism . The intestinal bacterial microflora also plays a significant role in regulating CCL28 expression .
Transcriptional Regulation and Post-Translational Modifications: CCL28 expression can be induced by pro-inflammatory cytokines and bacterial products . The exact post-translational modifications of CCL28 are not well-documented.
Biomedical Research: CCL28 is used in research to study mucosal immunity and chemotaxis .
Diagnostic Tools: Its expression patterns can be used as biomarkers for certain diseases, including inflammatory conditions and cancers .
Therapeutic Strategies: CCL28’s antimicrobial properties make it a potential candidate for developing new antimicrobial agents .
Role Throughout the Life Cycle: CCL28 plays a role in various stages of life, from development to aging. It is involved in the recruitment of immune cells to mucosal tissues, which is crucial for maintaining mucosal immunity throughout life . Its expression can be upregulated in response to epithelial injury, indicating its role in tissue repair and immune response .
