Chemokines
Product List
HCC 1 Human
HCC-1 Human Recombinant (CCL14)
The HCC-1 is purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.
HCC 1 Human (66 a.a.)
HCC-1 Human Recombinant (CCL14) (66 a.a.)
The HCC-1 is purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.
HCC 1 Human, His
HCC-1 (CCL14) Human Recombinant, His Tag
Introduction
HCC-1, also known as CCL14, is a small cytokine belonging to the CC chemokine family. It is produced as a protein precursor that is processed to generate a mature active protein containing 74 amino acids . CCL14 is encoded by the CCL14 gene located on chromosome 17q11.2 . This chemokine is part of a cluster of CC chemokines, which are characterized by two adjacent cysteine residues .
Key Biological Properties: CCL14 is produced as a protein precursor and processed to generate a mature active protein containing 74 amino acids . It shares 46% amino acid sequence identity with CCL3 and CCL4 .
Expression Patterns and Tissue Distribution: CCL14 is expressed in various tissues, including the spleen, bone marrow, liver, muscle, and gut . The extremely high concentration of CCL14 in human plasma is exceptional for chemokines .
Primary Biological Functions: CCL14 activates monocytes but does not induce their chemotaxis . It enhances the proliferation of CD34 myeloid progenitor cells .
Role in Immune Responses and Pathogen Recognition: CCL14 functions as a chemotactic factor, attracting monocytes, eosinophils, and T-cells . It acts as a ligand for the receptors CCR1, CCR3, and CCR5 .
Mechanisms with Other Molecules and Cells: CCL14 interacts with receptors CCR1, CCR3, and CCR5 . The mature propeptide CCL14a (1–74) is a low-affinity agonist of CCR1, which is converted to a high-affinity agonist of CCR1 and CCR5 on proteolytic processing by serine proteases .
Binding Partners and Downstream Signaling Cascades: CCL14 triggers intracellular calcium changes and enzyme release at concentrations of 100-1,000 nM . It does not induce chemotaxis in T-lymphocytes, neutrophils, and eosinophils .
Regulatory Mechanisms Controlling Expression and Activity: The transcription and splicing into several mono- and bicistronic transcripts of the CCL14 gene complex are unique for human genes . Proteolytic processing by serine proteases converts the mature propeptide CCL14a (1–74) into a high-affinity agonist .
Transcriptional Regulation and Post-Translational Modifications: The gene is regulated at the transcriptional level, and its activity is modulated by proteolytic cleavage .
Biomedical Research: CCL14 is used in research to understand its role in immune responses and its potential therapeutic applications .
Diagnostic Tools: CCL14 has been identified as a potential biomarker for acute kidney injury (AKI) and may provide new insights into the pathophysiology of AKI .
Therapeutic Strategies: CCL14’s role in attracting immune cells makes it a potential target for therapeutic strategies in inflammatory diseases and cancer .
Role Throughout the Life Cycle: CCL14 plays a role in immune responses throughout the life cycle. Its expression is associated with prognosis in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), where low expression correlates with poorer overall survival . Overexpression of CCL14 suppresses proliferation and promotes apoptosis of HCC cells .
