Chemokines
Product List
SDF 1g Human
Stromal Cell-Derived Factor-1 gamma Human Recombinant (CXCL12)
The SDF-1g is purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.
SDF2 Human
Stromal Cell-Derived Factor 2 Human Recombinant
SDF2 is fused to a 23 amino acid His-tag at N-terminus & purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.
SDF2 Human, sf9
Stromal Cell-Derived Factor 2, Sf9 Human Recombinant
SDF2 produced in Sf9 Baculovirus cells is a single, glycosylated polypeptide chain containing 202 amino acids (19-211a.a.) and having a molecular mass of 22.3kDa. (Molecular size on SDS-PAGE will appear at approximately 18-28kDa). SDF2 is expressed with an 9 amino acid His tag at C-Terminus and purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.
Introduction
Stromal cell-derived factor 1 (SDF-1), also known as C-X-C motif chemokine 12 (CXCL12), is a chemokine protein encoded by the CXCL12 gene on chromosome 10 in humans . It belongs to the CXC chemokine family, characterized by the presence of four conserved cysteines that form two disulfide bonds . SDF-1 exists in multiple isoforms, primarily SDF-1α (CXCL12a) and SDF-1β (CXCL12b), produced through alternative splicing .
Key Biological Properties: SDF-1 is a potent chemotactic factor for lymphocytes and plays a crucial role in the migration and homing of hematopoietic stem cells . It is involved in various physiological processes, including embryogenesis, hematopoiesis, and angiogenesis .
Expression Patterns: SDF-1 is ubiquitously expressed in many tissues and cell types . It is particularly abundant in the brain, thymus, heart, lung, liver, kidney, spleen, platelets, and bone marrow .
Tissue Distribution: During embryogenesis, SDF-1 directs the migration of hematopoietic cells from the fetal liver to the bone marrow and the formation of large blood vessels . In adults, it is constitutively expressed in several organs, including the bone marrow, skin, heart, and brain endothelium .
Primary Biological Functions: SDF-1 is essential for the retention of hematopoietic progenitor and stem cells in the bone marrow . It also plays a critical role in the development of the cardiovascular and nervous systems .
Role in Immune Responses: SDF-1 is strongly chemotactic for lymphocytes, guiding their migration to sites of inflammation . It also influences the differentiation and function of monocytes and macrophages .
Pathogen Recognition: SDF-1 has been implicated in the immune response to various pathogens by modulating the activity of immune cells .
Mechanisms with Other Molecules and Cells: SDF-1 exerts its effects primarily through binding to its receptors, CXCR4 and CXCR7 . CXCR4 is a classic G-protein-coupled receptor that mediates signal transduction, while CXCR7 acts as a scavenger receptor modulating CXCR4 function .
Binding Partners: SDF-1 interacts with glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) in tissues and on the endothelium, facilitating its presentation to passing leukocytes .
Downstream Signaling Cascades: Upon binding to CXCR4, SDF-1 activates several intracellular signaling pathways, including the PI3K and ERK/MAPK pathways, leading to chemotaxis, cell survival, and proliferation .
Transcriptional Regulation: The expression of SDF-1 is regulated at the transcriptional level by various factors, including hypoxia and inflammatory cytokines .
Post-Translational Modifications: SDF-1 activity is modulated by post-translational modifications such as proteolytic cleavage, citrullination, and nitration . These modifications can alter its chemotactic activity and receptor binding affinity .
Biomedical Research: SDF-1 is widely studied for its role in stem cell biology, cancer metastasis, and tissue regeneration .
Diagnostic Tools: Elevated levels of SDF-1 have been associated with various diseases, including cancer and cardiovascular diseases, making it a potential biomarker for diagnosis .
Therapeutic Strategies: Targeting the SDF-1/CXCR4 axis has shown promise in cancer therapy, as it can inhibit tumor growth and metastasis . Additionally, SDF-1 has potential applications in enhancing wound healing and tissue repair .
Development: SDF-1 is crucial for the proper development of the cardiovascular and nervous systems during embryogenesis .
Aging and Disease: In adults, SDF-1 plays a role in maintaining tissue homeostasis and regulating immune responses . Dysregulation of the SDF-1/CXCR4 axis has been implicated in various age-related diseases, including cancer and cardiovascular diseases .
