Neurotrophins
Product List
PSPN Human
Persephin Human Recombinant
PSPN Mouse
Persephin Mouse Recombinant
Introduction
Persephin is a neurotrophic factor belonging to the glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) family. It shares approximately 40% similarity in amino acid sequence with other members of the GDNF family, such as GDNF and neurturin . Persephin is classified as an endogenous peptide in humans, mice, and rats .
Key Biological Properties: Persephin supports the survival and morphological differentiation of tyrosine hydroxylase immunoreactive neurons, although it is less potent than other GDNF family members . It acts on both central and peripheral nervous system neurons and has renal ramogenic properties .
Expression Patterns and Tissue Distribution: Persephin mRNA levels are relatively low in developing neurons compared to other neurotrophic factors but are higher in embryonic neurons . It specifically binds to the GFRα4 receptor .
Primary Biological Functions: Persephin promotes the survival and growth of dopaminergic and motor neurons. It is involved in the morphological differentiation of neurons and supports the survival of tyrosine hydroxylase immunoreactive neurons .
Role in Immune Responses and Pathogen Recognition: While persephin’s primary functions are neurotrophic, it does not have a direct role in immune responses or pathogen recognition.
Mechanisms with Other Molecules and Cells: Persephin binds to the GFRα4 receptor, which forms a receptor complex with the RET receptor tyrosine kinase . This binding initiates downstream signaling cascades that promote neuronal survival and differentiation .
Binding Partners and Downstream Signaling Cascades: The primary binding partner for persephin is the GFRα4 receptor. Upon binding, the receptor complex activates the RET receptor tyrosine kinase, leading to various intracellular signaling pathways that support neuronal survival and growth .
Regulatory Mechanisms Controlling Expression and Activity: The expression of persephin is regulated at the transcriptional level, with higher mRNA levels observed in embryonic neurons . Post-translational modifications, such as glycosylation, may also play a role in its activity .
Transcriptional Regulation and Post-Translational Modifications: Specific transcription factors and signaling pathways regulate the transcription of the persephin gene. Post-translational modifications, including glycosylation, can affect the stability and activity of the persephin protein .
Biomedical Research: Persephin has potential applications in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases, such as Parkinson’s disease, due to its neurotrophic properties . It may also be used in research to study neuronal survival and differentiation.
Diagnostic Tools and Therapeutic Strategies: Persephin could be developed as a therapeutic agent for neurodegenerative diseases, offering a more selective approach with fewer complications compared to other GDNF family ligands . It may also serve as a biomarker for certain neurological conditions.
Role Throughout the Life Cycle: Persephin plays a crucial role in the development of the nervous system, particularly in the survival and differentiation of embryonic neurons . Its expression and activity may decrease with aging, potentially contributing to age-related neurodegenerative diseases.
From Development to Aging and Disease: During development, persephin supports the growth and differentiation of neurons. In adulthood, it continues to play a role in maintaining neuronal health. Dysregulation of persephin expression or activity may contribute to neurodegenerative diseases in aging individuals .
