Neurotrophins
Product List
NGB Human
Neuroglobin Human Recombinant
NGB Human, His
Neuroglobin Human Recombinant, His Tag
Neuroglobin Human Recombinant produced in E.Coli is a single, non-glycosylated polypeptide chain containing 161 amino acids (1-151a.a) and having a molecular mass of 18kDa. NGB is fused to 10 amino acid His-tag at N-terminus & purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.
Introduction
Neuroglobin is a member of the vertebrate globin family, which includes hemoglobin and myoglobin. It is an intracellular hemoprotein involved in cellular oxygen homeostasis and reactive oxygen/nitrogen scavenging. Neuroglobin is expressed in the central and peripheral nervous system, cerebrospinal fluid, retina, and endocrine tissues .
Key Biological Properties: Neuroglobin is a monomer that reversibly binds oxygen with an affinity higher than that of hemoglobin. It increases oxygen availability to brain tissue and provides protection under hypoxic or ischemic conditions .
Expression Patterns: Neuroglobin is primarily expressed in neurons and astrocytes. It is also found in the retina and endocrine tissues .
Tissue Distribution: Neuroglobin is widely distributed in the central and peripheral nervous system, cerebrospinal fluid, retina, and endocrine tissues .
Primary Biological Functions: Neuroglobin enhances cell viability under hypoxia and various types of oxidative stress. It is involved in cellular oxygen homeostasis and reactive oxygen/nitrogen scavenging .
Role in Immune Responses and Pathogen Recognition: While neuroglobin’s primary functions are related to oxygen homeostasis and protection against oxidative stress, its role in immune responses and pathogen recognition is not well-established .
Mechanisms with Other Molecules and Cells: Neuroglobin binds to various gaseous ligands such as oxygen, carbon monoxide, and nitric oxide. It may detoxify reactive oxygen or nitric oxide and is involved in intracellular signaling pathways .
Binding Partners and Downstream Signaling Cascades: Neuroglobin interacts with other molecules and cells through its binding to gaseous ligands. It may be part of a signaling chain that transmits the redox state of the cell or inhibits apoptosis .
Regulatory Mechanisms: Neuroglobin expression is regulated by various factors, including hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF1). It is upregulated under conditions of cellular stress and contains binding sequences for regulatory elements such as AP1, CREB, Ergr1, NF1, NF-κB, REST, and SP1/3 .
Transcriptional Regulation: Neuroglobin expression is modulated by transcription factors that respond to hypoxic conditions and other cellular stressors .
Post-Translational Modifications: Post-translational modifications of neuroglobin, such as phosphorylation, may influence its activity and stability .
Biomedical Research: Neuroglobin is studied for its potential neuroprotective properties in conditions such as ischemic and traumatic brain injuries, Alzheimer’s disease, and other neurodegenerative disorders .
Diagnostic Tools: Neuroglobin levels may serve as biomarkers for certain neurological conditions, aiding in diagnosis and monitoring of disease progression .
Therapeutic Strategies: Strategies to upregulate neuroglobin expression or enhance its activity are being explored as potential therapeutic approaches for neuroprotection in stroke and neurodegenerative diseases .
Development to Aging and Disease: Neuroglobin plays a role in protecting neurons throughout the life cycle. Its expression changes during development and aging, with higher levels associated with beneficial outcomes in various neurological conditions .
Neuroglobin’s neuroprotective and antiapoptotic functions are particularly important in aging and neurodegenerative diseases, highlighting its potential as a therapeutic target .
