Neurotrophins
Product List
NRP1 Human
Neuropilin 1 Human Recombinant
NRP1 produced in Sf9 Baculovirus cells is a single, glycosylated polypeptide chain containing 843 amino acids (22-856a.a.) and having a molecular mass of 94.8kDa. (Molecular size on SDS-PAGE will appear at approximately 100-150kDa).
NRP1 is expressed with an 8 amino acid His tag at C-Terminus and purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.
NRP1 Mouse
Neuropilin 1 Mouse Recombinant
NRP1 is expressed with an 8 amino acid His tag at C-Terminus and purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.
NRP1 Rat
Neuropilin 1 Rat Recombinant
NRP1 is expressed with an 8 amino acid His tag at C-Terminus and purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.
Introduction
Neuropilins (NRPs) are a family of transmembrane glycoproteins that serve as co-receptors for various ligands, including class 3 semaphorins and vascular endothelial growth factors (VEGFs). There are two primary forms of neuropilins: Neuropilin-1 (NRP1) and Neuropilin-2 (NRP2) . These proteins play crucial roles in neurogenesis, angiogenesis, and immune responses .
Key Biological Properties: Neuropilins are multifunctional receptors involved in numerous physiological processes. They predominantly act as co-receptors due to their small cytoplasmic domains, which necessitate partnering with other cell surface receptors to transduce signals .
Expression Patterns and Tissue Distribution: Neuropilins are widely expressed in various tissues, including the nervous system, cardiovascular system, and immune cells . NRP1 is essential for neuronal and cardiovascular development, while NRP2 has a more restricted role in neuronal patterning and lymphangiogenesis .
Primary Biological Functions: Neuropilins are involved in axon guidance, angiogenesis, and immune responses . They play a significant role in the development and patterning of the nervous and vascular systems .
Role in Immune Responses and Pathogen Recognition: Neuropilins, particularly NRP1, are expressed in various immune cells, including macrophages, dendritic cells, and T cells . They regulate immune cell development, migration, and communication, contributing to immune responses and pathogen recognition .
Mechanisms with Other Molecules and Cells: Neuropilins function by forming complexes with other receptors, such as Plexins and VEGF receptors . These complexes activate intracellular signaling pathways that influence cellular processes like cytoskeletal dynamics and neuronal morphology .
Binding Partners and Downstream Signaling Cascades: Neuropilins bind to ligands like VEGF and semaphorins, which trigger downstream signaling cascades involving various kinases and transcription factors . These signaling pathways regulate cell survival, migration, and differentiation .
Regulatory Mechanisms Controlling Expression and Activity: The expression and activity of neuropilins are regulated at multiple levels, including transcriptional regulation and post-translational modifications . Alternative splicing and ectodomain shedding also generate soluble forms of neuropilins that can modulate their activity .
Transcriptional Regulation and Post-Translational Modifications: Transcription factors and epigenetic modifications regulate the expression of neuropilin genes . Post-translational modifications, such as phosphorylation and glycosylation, influence the stability and function of neuropilin proteins .
Biomedical Research: Neuropilins are studied extensively in biomedical research due to their roles in various physiological and pathological processes . They are potential targets for therapeutic interventions in diseases like cancer and cardiovascular disorders .
Diagnostic Tools and Therapeutic Strategies: Neuropilin-1 is a therapeutic target in cancer treatment, particularly in leukemia and lymphoma . Antagonists of NRP1 have been found to inhibit tumor cell migration and adhesion . Neuropilins are also explored as biomarkers for cancer diagnosis and prognosis .
Role Throughout the Life Cycle: Neuropilins play essential roles throughout the life cycle, from development to aging and disease . During development, they are crucial for the formation of the nervous and vascular systems . In adulthood, they continue to regulate immune responses and tissue homeostasis . Dysregulation of neuropilin activity is associated with various diseases, including cancer and cardiovascular disorders .
