Monoclonal Antibodies
Product List
Introduction
Cytokines are a group of low molecular weight extracellular polypeptides or glycoproteins synthesized by various immune cells, including T cells, neutrophils, and macrophages . They play a crucial role in promoting and regulating immune responses, including cell activity, differentiation, proliferation, and production of other cytokines . Anti-mouse cytokines are antibodies specifically designed to target and neutralize mouse cytokines, which are often used in research to study immune responses and disease mechanisms in mouse models .
Key Biological Properties: Cytokines are involved in autocrine, paracrine, and endocrine signaling, affecting cell activation, division, apoptosis, or movement . They are responsible for the dynamic regulation of the maturation, growth, and responsiveness of immune cells .
Expression Patterns and Tissue Distribution: Cytokines are secreted by a variety of cells, including lymphocytes, macrophages, natural killer cells, mast cells, and stromal cells . They are found in various biological fluids such as serum, blood, stool, saliva, and sweat, providing valuable information regarding the diagnosis, stage, and prognosis of various diseases .
Primary Biological Functions: Cytokines are critical mediators that oversee and regulate immune and inflammatory responses via complex networks . They participate in the immune response and act as important mediators associated with the communication network of the immune system .
Role in Immune Responses and Pathogen Recognition: Cytokines are responsible for the dynamic regulation of the maturation, growth, and responsiveness of immune cells . They play a crucial role in pathogen recognition and the activation of immune responses to clear infections .
Mechanisms with Other Molecules and Cells: Cytokines bind to specific cell surface receptors and send intracellular signals . They are involved in autocrine, paracrine, and endocrine signaling, affecting cell activation, division, apoptosis, or movement .
Binding Partners and Downstream Signaling Cascades: Cytokines interact with various receptors on target cells, triggering intracellular signaling pathways that modulate gene transcription and modify various biological activities . These interactions can lead to the activation of downstream signaling cascades that regulate immune responses and inflammation .
Regulatory Mechanisms Controlling Expression and Activity: The expression and activity of cytokines are regulated by various mechanisms, including genetic, epigenetic, post-transcriptional, and post-translational modifications . These regulatory mechanisms ensure the proper functioning of cytokines in immune responses and prevent dysregulated immunity .
Transcriptional Regulation and Post-Translational Modifications: Cytokine expression is regulated at the transcriptional level by various transcription factors . Post-translational modifications, such as phosphorylation, also play a crucial role in modulating cytokine activity and signaling .
Biomedical Research: Anti-mouse cytokines are widely used in biomedical research to study immune responses and disease mechanisms in mouse models . They help researchers understand the role of cytokines in various biological processes and diseases .
Diagnostic Tools and Therapeutic Strategies: Cytokines and their receptors are used as biomarkers for diagnosing and monitoring diseases . Anti-mouse cytokines are also used in developing therapeutic strategies to modulate immune responses and treat diseases .
Role Throughout the Life Cycle: Cytokines play a crucial role throughout the life cycle, from development to aging and disease . They regulate various biological processes, including embryonic development, cell proliferation and survival, inflammation, and disease pathogenesis . Cytokines are involved in maintaining homeostasis and responding to infections and injuries throughout life .
