RGS5 Human
Description
RGS5 is fused to a 24 amino acid His-tag at N-terminus & purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.
Product Specs
Product Science Overview
Regulator of G-Protein Signaling 5 (RGS5) is a member of the Regulator of G-Protein Signaling (RGS) family, which plays a crucial role in modulating the signaling pathways downstream of G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). These proteins act as GTPase-activating proteins (GAPs) for the Gα subunits of heterotrimeric G proteins, thereby accelerating the hydrolysis of GTP to GDP and terminating the signaling event .
RGS5 was first cloned in 1998 and has since been identified as a significant player in various physiological and pathological processes. It is highly expressed in the heart, lung, skeletal muscle, and small intestine, with lower expression levels in the brain, placenta, liver, and colon . The gene encoding RGS5 is conserved across species, with human, mouse, and rat RGS5 cDNAs showing 90% homology .
RGS5 belongs to the B/R4 subfamily of RGS proteins, characterized by a conserved RGS domain that is essential for its GAP activity. The protein consists of a 120 amino acid RGS domain and a 33 amino acid N-terminal region important for membrane association . RGS5 interacts with Gαi and Gαq subunits and may also have GAP activity for Gα12/13 .
Upon activation of GPCRs, the Gα and Gβγ subunits of heterotrimeric G proteins dissociate and initiate various downstream signaling pathways. RGS5 binds to the Gα subunits and increases the rate of GTP hydrolysis, thereby facilitating the reassociation of G protein subunits and termination of the signaling event . This negative regulation of GPCR signaling is crucial for maintaining cellular homeostasis and preventing aberrant signaling.
RGS5 has been implicated in several physiological processes, including vascular development and regulation of blood pressure. It is highly expressed in vascular smooth muscle cells and pericytes, where it plays a role in vascular remodeling and angiogenesis . Additionally, RGS5 has been identified as a marker for tumor pericytes and is involved in the regulation of tumor angiogenesis .
In pathological conditions, RGS5 has been associated with hypertension and other cardiovascular diseases. It is also a potential therapeutic target for diseases involving aberrant GPCR signaling, such as cancer and fibrosis .
Human recombinant RGS5 is produced using recombinant DNA technology, where the gene encoding RGS5 is cloned into an expression vector and introduced into a suitable host cell, such as Escherichia coli or mammalian cells. The recombinant protein is then purified using various chromatographic techniques to obtain a high-purity product suitable for research and therapeutic applications .
Recombinant RGS5 is used in various research studies to understand its role in GPCR signaling and its potential as a therapeutic target. It is also employed in drug discovery and development to screen for compounds that modulate its activity .
