RGS19 Human

The Regulator of G-Protein Signaling 19 (RGS19) is a protein that plays a crucial role in the regulation of G-protein signaling pathways. This protein is part of the larger RGS family, which is known for its involvement in various cellular processes by modulating the activity of G-proteins.

The RGS19 gene is located on chromosome 20 and encodes a protein that is approximately 23 kDa in size . The protein is also known by several aliases, including GAIP (G Alpha Interacting Protein) and GNAI3IP (Guanine Nucleotide Binding Protein Alpha Inhibiting Activity Polypeptide 3 Interacting Protein) .

RGS19 functions as a guanosine triphosphatase (GTPase)-activating protein (GAP) for G-protein alpha subunits. By increasing the GTPase activity of these subunits, RGS19 drives them into their inactive GDP-bound form, thereby inhibiting signal transduction . This regulation is essential for controlling the duration and intensity of G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) signaling pathways.

RGS19 specifically interacts with members of the G-alpha subfamily, including G(i)a3, G(i)a1, and G(o)a . The activity of RGS19 on G(z)-alpha is inhibited by phosphorylation and palmitoylation of the G-protein . This selective interaction allows RGS19 to finely tune the signaling pathways mediated by these G-proteins.

Mutations or dysregulation of RGS19 have been associated with various diseases, including torsion dystonia 4 and bradyopsia . Understanding the role of RGS19 in these conditions could provide insights into potential therapeutic targets for these and other related disorders.

Recombinant human RGS19 is used in various research applications to study its function and interactions with other proteins. The recombinant protein is typically formulated in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) with 10% glycerol to maintain its stability . Studies have shown that RGS19 and its partner GNAI3 are involved in cell death pathways, highlighting its potential role in apoptosis and other cellular processes .