RGS21 Human

The Regulator of G-Protein Signaling 21 (RGS21) is a member of the RGS protein family, which plays a crucial role in the modulation of G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) signaling pathways. These pathways are essential for various physiological processes, including sensory perception, immune responses, and neurotransmission.

The RGS21 gene is located on chromosome 1 and encodes a protein that consists of 176 amino acids . The human recombinant form of RGS21 is produced in E. coli and is a single, non-glycosylated polypeptide chain with a molecular mass of approximately 20.2 kDa . This recombinant protein is often fused with a His-tag at the N-terminus to facilitate purification through chromatographic techniques .

RGS21 functions as a GTPase-activating protein (GAP) for Gα subunits of heterotrimeric G proteins. By accelerating the hydrolysis of GTP to GDP, RGS21 effectively terminates the signaling initiated by GPCRs . This regulation is vital for maintaining the balance and proper functioning of cellular signaling networks.

Dysregulation of RGS proteins, including RGS21, has been implicated in various diseases. For instance, alterations in RGS21 expression have been associated with certain types of cancers . The protein’s ability to modulate GPCR signaling makes it a potential target for therapeutic interventions aimed at treating diseases characterized by aberrant GPCR activity.

The study of RGS21 and other RGS proteins continues to be an area of active research. Understanding the precise mechanisms by which RGS21 regulates GPCR signaling can provide insights into the development of novel therapeutic strategies. The recombinant form of RGS21 is particularly useful in research settings, allowing scientists to study its function and interactions in a controlled environment.