KIR2DL1 Human

Killer Cell Immunoglobulin-Like Receptor, 2 Domains Long Cytoplasmic Tail 1 Human Recombinant
Cat. No.
BT26205
Source
Escherichia Coli.
Synonyms
Killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor 2DL1, MHC class I NK cell receptor, Natural killer-associated transcript 1, NKAT-1, p58 natural killer cell receptor clones CL-42/47.11, p58 NK receptor, p58.1 MHC class-I-specific NK receptor, CD158 antigen-like family member A, CD158a antigen, KIR2DL1, CD158A, NKAT1, NKAT, p58.1, KIR221, KIR-K64.
Appearance
Sterile filtered colorless solution.
Purity
Greater than 95.0% as determined by(a) Analysis by RP-HPLC.
(b) Analysis by SDS-PAGE.
Usage
Prospec's products are furnished for LABORATORY RESEARCH USE ONLY. The product may not be used as drugs, agricultural or pesticidal products, food additives or household chemicals.
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Description

KIR2DL1 Recombinant produced in E.Coli is a single, non-glycosylated polypeptide chain containing amino acids 1-202 and having a molecular mass of 22.2 kDa.
The KIR2DL1 is purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.

Product Specs

Introduction
Killer-cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIRs) are a family of proteins found on the surface of Natural Killer (NK) cells, which are part of the immune system. KIRs help NK cells decide whether to eliminate a cell by interacting with MHC class I molecules present on all cells. This interaction allows NK cells to identify cells infected with viruses or tumor cells that have low levels of MHC class I. Most KIRs are inhibitory, meaning they prevent NK cells from killing when they interact with MHC class I. Only a few KIRs can activate NK cells to kill. KIR genes are located on chromosome 19q13.4 within the leukocyte receptor complex (LRC). KIR genes are highly diverse, meaning individuals have different sets of KIR genes, leading to variations in immune responses. KIR proteins are classified by the number of extracellular immunoglobulin domains (2D or 3D) and the length of their cytoplasmic domain (long (L) or short (S)). KIRs with a long cytoplasmic domain have an ITIM motif that sends inhibitory signals upon binding to MHC class I. In contrast, KIRs with a short cytoplasmic domain lack the ITIM motif and instead activate NK cells through the TYRO protein. KIR2DL1 is an inhibitory KIR that recognizes specific MHC class I molecules (HLA-Cw2, -Cw4, -Cw5, and Cw6). In this product, the extracellular domain of KIR2DL1 was produced in E. coli, initially forming insoluble aggregates called inclusion bodies.
Description
Recombinant KIR2DL1 produced in E. coli is a single polypeptide chain without any attached sugars (non-glycosylated). It contains amino acids 1-202 and has a molecular weight of 22.2 kDa. The KIR2DL1 protein is purified using specialized chromatographic methods.
Physical Appearance
A clear and colorless solution that has been sterilized by filtration.
Formulation
The protein solution contains 1 mg of KIR2DL1 per ml dissolved in 25mM Tris-HCl buffer with a pH of 7.5.
Stability
For short-term storage (2-4 weeks), keep at 4°C. For longer storage, freeze at -20°C. Adding a carrier protein like HSA or BSA (0.1%) is recommended for long-term storage. Avoid repeatedly freezing and thawing the protein.
Purity
The purity of the protein is greater than 95% as determined by two methods: (a) analysis by RP-HPLC and (b) analysis by SDS-PAGE.
Synonyms
Killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor 2DL1, MHC class I NK cell receptor, Natural killer-associated transcript 1, NKAT-1, p58 natural killer cell receptor clones CL-42/47.11, p58 NK receptor, p58.1 MHC class-I-specific NK receptor, CD158 antigen-like family member A, CD158a antigen, KIR2DL1, CD158A, NKAT1, NKAT, p58.1, KIR221, KIR-K64.
Source
Escherichia Coli.
Amino Acid Sequence

MEGVHRKPSL LAHPGRLVKS EETVILQCWS DVMFEHFLLH REGMFNDTLR LIGEHHDGVS KANFSISRMT QDLAGTYRCY GSVTHSPYQV SAPSDPLDIV IIGLYEKPSL SAQLGPTVLA GENVTLSCSS RSSYDMYHLS REGEAHERRL PAGPKVNGTF QADFPLGPAT HGGTYRCFGS FHDSPYEWSK SSDPLLVSVT GN.

Product Science Overview

Structure and Function

KIR2DL1 is a type I transmembrane protein consisting of:

  • A 21-amino acid signal peptide
  • An extracellular region with two C2-type immunoglobulin-like domains
  • A 19-amino acid hydrophobic transmembrane region
  • An 84-amino acid long cytoplasmic domain

The cytoplasmic domain contains two immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motifs (ITIMs), which are essential for transmitting inhibitory signals within NK cells . Upon engagement with major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I molecules, these ITIMs recruit intracellular protein tyrosine phosphatases such as SHP1, leading to an inhibitory signal cascade .

Gene Family and Expression

The KIR gene family is located on chromosome 19q13.42 and includes multiple genes encoding receptors with varying specificities for MHC class I molecules . KIR2DL1 specifically recognizes certain alleles of HLA-C, a class I MHC molecule . The expression of KIR2DL1 is primarily restricted to NK cells and some subsets of T cells .

Role in Immune Regulation

KIR2DL1 and other inhibitory KIRs are critical for maintaining self-tolerance and preventing autoimmunity by inhibiting NK cell activity upon recognition of self-MHC class I molecules . This mechanism ensures that NK cells do not attack normal, healthy cells in the body. Additionally, KIR2DL1 plays a role in the immune response to infections and tumors by modulating NK cell activity .

Clinical Significance

Alterations in the expression or function of KIR2DL1 have been associated with various diseases, including:

  • T-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma
  • Peroxisome biogenesis disorder 1A

Furthermore, the interaction between KIR2DL1 and HLA-C alleles can influence the outcome of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation and the progression of viral infections such as HIV .

Research and Applications

Recombinant forms of KIR2DL1 are used in research to study NK cell biology and the mechanisms of immune regulation. These studies have potential implications for developing therapies for cancer, autoimmune diseases, and infectious diseases .

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