s100bb Human

S100BB is a homodimeric protein belonging to the S100 family of calcium-binding proteins. These proteins are characterized by their EF-hand motifs, which are helix-loop-helix structures that bind calcium ions. The S100 family includes about 25 members, each with varying degrees of amino acid sequence homology .

S100BB is composed of two beta subunits, each with a molecular weight ranging from 9 to 14 kDa. These subunits are joined by a disulfide bond, forming an acidic homodimer . The human gene encoding S100B is located on chromosome 21q22.3 . S100BB is primarily expressed in glial cells, Schwann cells, and certain neuronal cells .

S100BB plays a crucial role in various cellular processes, including the regulation of protein phosphorylation, enzyme activities, cell growth, and differentiation . Depending on its concentration, S100BB can exert either trophic (supportive) or toxic effects on cells . It is involved in the differentiation and maturation of astrocytes and oligodendrocytes, as well as the stimulation of dendritic development in serotoninergic and cerebellar neurons during embryogenesis .

S100BB is a biomarker for several clinical conditions. Elevated levels of S100BB in the blood can be indicative of traumatic brain injury, certain neurodegenerative disorders, and malignant melanoma . It is also used in immunoassays and as an immunogen for antiserum production .