PTPRC is a member of the protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP) family, which are signaling molecules that regulate various cellular processes, including cell growth, differentiation, mitosis, and oncogenic transformation . The structure of PTPRC includes:
This structure classifies PTPRC as a receptor-type PTP . It is essential for the activation and differentiation of T cells, B cells, and other immune cells by modulating signaling pathways .
PTPRC is an essential regulator of T and B cell antigen receptor-mediated activation . It functions through direct interaction with components of the antigen receptor complexes or by activating various Src family kinases required for antigen receptor signaling . Additionally, PTPRC suppresses JAK kinases, functioning as a regulator of cytokine receptor signaling .
Despite extensive research over the past 50 years, the physiology and biology of CD45 still require further clarification. Key areas of ongoing research include:
CD45 is also used as a diagnostic tool to identify cells of hematological origin .