IL 2r Antibody, FITC

The Mouse Anti-Human Interleukin-2 (IL-2) Receptor FITC is a monoclonal antibody that specifically targets the IL-2 receptor, also known as CD25. This antibody is conjugated with Fluorescein Isothiocyanate (FITC), a fluorescent dye, which allows for the detection and analysis of the IL-2 receptor on the surface of cells using flow cytometry.

The IL-2 receptor is a type I transmembrane glycoprotein that plays a crucial role in the immune response. It consists of three polypeptide chains: α (CD25), β (CD122), and γ (CD132). These chains can form different combinations to create receptors with varying affinities for IL-2:

• Low-affinity receptor: Composed of the α chain (CD25) alone.
• Intermediate-affinity receptor: Formed by the β and γ chains.
• High-affinity receptor: Consists of all three chains (α, β, and γ).

The high-affinity IL-2 receptor is primarily involved in intracellular signal transduction, which is essential for T-cell proliferation and differentiation .

CD25 is expressed on the surface of various immune cells, including:

• Activated T cells: Upon activation by antigens or mitogens, T cells upregulate CD25 expression.
• Regulatory T cells (Tregs): These cells constitutively express high levels of CD25 and play a key role in maintaining immune tolerance.
• Activated B cells and monocytes: CD25 expression can also be induced in these cells under certain conditions .

In normal peripheral blood, a variable percentage (approximately 3-25%) of lymphoid cells express CD25 .

The IL-2 receptor is critical for the immune system’s function. IL-2 binding to its receptor triggers a cascade of intracellular signaling events that lead to:

• T-cell proliferation: Essential for the expansion of antigen-specific T cells during an immune response.
• Survival and function of Tregs: Important for preventing autoimmune reactions.
• Differentiation of effector T cells: Helps in the development of cytotoxic T cells and helper T cells .

The expression of CD25 is tightly regulated and can be induced by various stimuli, including:

• Antigens and mitogens: Such as phytohemagglutinin (PHA), concanavalin A (Con-A), and pokeweed mitogen (PWM).
• Pathogens: Including viruses like HTLV-I, HTLV-II, and Epstein-Barr virus.
• Cytokines: Such as IL-2 itself, which can upregulate CD25 expression on activated T cells .

The Mouse Anti-Human IL-2 Receptor FITC antibody is widely used in research and clinical diagnostics. Its applications include:

• Flow cytometry: For the detection and quantification of CD25 expression on immune cells.
• Immunophenotyping: To identify and characterize different subsets of immune cells.
• Monitoring immune responses: In various diseases, including autoimmune disorders and cancers .