IL 2r Antibody, Biotin

The Mouse Anti-Human Interleukin-2 (IL-2) Receptor Biotinylated antibody is a specialized reagent used in immunological research and diagnostics. This antibody is designed to specifically bind to the human IL-2 receptor, a critical component in the immune response. The biotinylation of this antibody enhances its utility in various assays, allowing for easy detection and purification.

The Interleukin-2 receptor (IL-2R) is a heterotrimeric protein expressed on the surface of certain immune cells, such as lymphocytes. It binds to the cytokine IL-2, which is crucial for the proliferation and differentiation of T cells . The IL-2 receptor consists of three subunits:

• IL-2Rα (CD25)
• IL-2Rβ (CD122)
• IL-2Rγ (CD132)

These subunits can assemble in different combinations to form receptors with varying affinities for IL-2. The high-affinity receptor, which includes all three subunits, is primarily found on activated T cells and regulatory T cells .

Biotinylation is the process of covalently attaching biotin to a protein, nucleic acid, or other molecule. This process is rapid, specific, and unlikely to disturb the natural function of the molecule due to the small size of biotin . Biotin binds to streptavidin and avidin with extremely high affinity, which is exploited in many biotechnological applications to isolate biotinylated molecules of interest .

Biotinylation can be achieved through chemical or enzymatic methods:

• Chemical Biotinylation: Utilizes various conjugation chemistries to yield nonspecific biotinylation of amines, carboxylates, sulfhydryls, and carbohydrates.
• Enzymatic Biotinylation: Involves the use of biotin ligase to specifically biotinylate a lysine residue within a certain sequence .

The preparation of Mouse Anti-Human IL-2 Receptor Biotinylated involves several steps:

1. Antibody Production: The monoclonal antibody is produced by immunizing mice with a synthetic peptide corresponding to the human IL-2 receptor.
2. Purification: The antibody is purified from the mouse serum using affinity chromatography.
3. Biotinylation: The purified antibody is then biotinylated using either chemical or enzymatic methods. The biotinylated antibody is conjugated to biotin under optimal conditions to ensure high specificity and binding affinity .

The synthetic routes for producing biotinylated antibodies involve recombinant DNA technology and chemical synthesis. For example, recombinant biotinylated human IL-2 can be created and isolated using vector systems like the Promega PinPoint vector system . This method ensures the production of a uniform product suitable for diagnostic and clinical applications.

The interaction between IL-2 and its receptor involves complex biochemical signaling pathways. When IL-2 binds to its receptor, it triggers the activation of intracellular signaling cascades, including the JAK-STAT pathway, the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway, and the MAPK/ERK pathway . These pathways are crucial for the proliferation, differentiation, and survival of T cells.

The biotinylated antibody can be used in various assays to study these interactions. For instance, it can be used in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) to detect the presence of IL-2 or its receptor in a sample .

The Mouse Anti-Human IL-2 Receptor Biotinylated antibody has several applications in research and diagnostics:

• Flow Cytometry: Used to identify and quantify IL-2 receptor-expressing cells.
• Western Blotting: Used to detect IL-2 receptor proteins in cell lysates.
• Immunoprecipitation: Used to isolate IL-2 receptor complexes from cell extracts.
• ELISA: Used to measure IL-2 levels in biological samples .