IL 2r Antibody

The Interleukin-2 receptor (IL-2R) is a critical component of the immune system, playing a pivotal role in the regulation of immune responses. The receptor is composed of three subunits: alpha (IL-2Rα or CD25), beta (IL-2Rβ), and gamma (IL-2Rγ). These subunits can combine in various ways to form receptors with different affinities for interleukin-2 (IL-2), a cytokine that is essential for the growth, proliferation, and differentiation of T cells .

The alpha subunit, also known as CD25, is a 55 kDa protein that is primarily expressed on the surface of activated T cells, B cells, and monocytes. CD25 alone forms the low-affinity IL-2 receptor, while the combination of CD25 with IL-2Rβ and IL-2Rγ forms the high-affinity receptor. The intermediate-affinity receptor is formed by the combination of IL-2Rβ and IL-2Rγ .

The high-affinity IL-2 receptor plays a crucial role in intracellular signal transduction, leading to the activation and proliferation of T cells. This process is essential for the immune system’s ability to respond to infections and other immune challenges .

CD25 is strongly expressed on the surface of T cells that have been activated by antigens, mitogens, or various pathogens such as viruses and bacteria. It is also expressed on B cells stimulated with anti-IgM antibodies and on monocytes/macrophages stimulated with lipopolysaccharides .

In normal peripheral blood, the expression of CD25 varies among lymphoid cells, with approximately 3-25% of these cells showing staining for CD25 .

Monoclonal antibodies against human CD25, such as those produced in mice, are valuable tools in both research and clinical diagnostics. These antibodies are typically produced from purified monoclonal mouse antibodies and are available in various conjugated forms, such as FITC (Fluorescein Isothiocyanate) and RPE (R-Phycoerythrin) .

These conjugates are used in flow cytometry to analyze the expression of CD25 on the surface of lymphocytes and other immune cells. The specificity of these antibodies is confirmed through immunoprecipitation and immunocytochemical labeling .

Monoclonal mouse anti-human CD25 antibodies are used in various applications, including:

• Flow Cytometry: To analyze the expression of CD25 on immune cells.
• Immunohistochemistry: To study the distribution and localization of CD25 in tissue samples.
• Clinical Diagnostics: To assess the activation status of T cells in various diseases, including autoimmune disorders and cancers .