IL 21 Human

Interleukin-21 Human Recombinant
Cat. No.
BT2401
Source
Escherichia Coli.
Synonyms
Za11, IL-21.
Appearance
Sterile Filtered White lyophilized (freeze-dried) powder.
Purity
Greater than 97.0% as determined by SDS-PAGE.
Usage
THE BioTek's products are furnished for LABORATORY RESEARCH USE ONLY. The product may not be used as drugs, agricultural or pesticidal products, food additives or household chemicals.
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Description

IL21 Human Recombinant produced in E.Coli is a single, non-glycosylated polypeptide chain containing 132 amino acids and having a total molecular mass of 15.4kDa.
The IL-21 is purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.

Product Specs

Introduction
When CD4+ T cells are stimulated by antigens, they produce IL-21, which enhances the antigen-specific responses of immune cells. This cytokine induces the differentiation of T-cell-stimulated B-cells into plasma cells and memory B-cells. In conjunction with IL-4, it stimulates IgG production. However, in the absence of T-cell signaling, IL-21 can induce apoptosis in both naive and stimulated B-cells. IL-21 also promotes the anti-tumor activity of CD8+ T-cells and NK cells. It binds to a specific type I cytokine receptor, IL-21R, which also contains the common gamma chain (γC) found in other cytokine receptors such as IL-2, IL-4, IL-7, IL-9, and IL-15. The interaction between IL-21 and IL-21R triggers a cascade of events, including the activation of tyrosine kinases JAK1 and JAK3, followed by the activation of transcription factors STAT1 and STAT3.
Description
Recombinant Human IL21, produced in E. coli, is a single, non-glycosylated polypeptide chain composed of 132 amino acids. It has a molecular weight of 15.4kDa. The purification of IL-21 is achieved using proprietary chromatographic techniques.
Physical Appearance
Sterile Filtered White lyophilized powder.
Formulation
Lyophilized from a solution containing PBS with a pH of 7.4.
Solubility
To reconstitute the lyophilized Interleukin-21, it is recommended to dissolve it in sterile 18 MΩ-cm H2O at a concentration of at least 100 µg/ml. This solution can then be further diluted into other aqueous solutions as needed.
Stability
Lyophilized Interleukin-21 remains stable at room temperature for up to 3 weeks. However, for long-term storage, it is recommended to store it desiccated below -18°C. Once reconstituted, IL21 should be stored at 4°C for no more than 2-7 days. For future use, it should be stored below -18°C. To ensure optimal stability during long-term storage, the addition of a carrier protein (0.1% HSA or BSA) is recommended. Avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Purity
Purity is determined to be greater than 97.0% as assessed by SDS-PAGE.
Biological Activity
The biological activity is determined by measuring the proliferation of activated B cells in response to the protein.
Synonyms
Za11, IL-21.
Source
Escherichia Coli.
Amino Acid Sequence
MQDRHMIRMR QLIDIVDQLK NYVNDLVPEF LPAPEDVETN CEWSAFSCFQ KAQLKSANTG NNERIINVSI KKLKRKPPST NAGRRQKHRL TCPSCDSYEK KPPKEFLERF KSLLQKMIHQ HLSSRTHGSE DS.

Product Science Overview

Introduction

Interleukin-21 (IL-21) is a cytokine, a type of signaling molecule in the immune system, that plays a crucial role in regulating the immune response. It is produced by activated CD4+ T cells and natural killer T (NKT) cells. Recombinant human IL-21 is a laboratory-produced version of this cytokine, designed to mimic the natural protein’s effects in various research and therapeutic applications.

Structure and Production

IL-21 is a member of the common gamma-chain family of cytokines, which also includes IL-2, IL-4, IL-7, IL-9, and IL-15. It is a four-α-helix bundle cytokine, structurally related to IL-2 and IL-15. The recombinant form of IL-21 is typically produced in Escherichia coli (E. coli) and purified using chromatographic techniques to ensure high purity and biological activity .

Biological Functions

IL-21 has a wide range of biological functions, primarily related to the regulation of immune cells. It promotes the differentiation and proliferation of T cells, B cells, and natural killer (NK) cells. Specifically, IL-21 can:

  • Enhance the cytotoxic activity of CD8+ T cells and NK cells.
  • Promote the differentiation of B cells into plasma cells, which produce antibodies.
  • Influence the development of T follicular helper (Tfh) cells and T helper 17 (Th17) cells .

These functions make IL-21 a key player in both innate and adaptive immunity, contributing to the body’s defense against infections and cancer.

Therapeutic Applications

Due to its potent immunomodulatory effects, recombinant IL-21 has been investigated for various therapeutic applications. It has shown promise in:

  • Cancer Immunotherapy: Enhancing the anti-tumor activity of immune cells.
  • Viral Infections: Boosting the immune response against chronic viral infections.
  • Autoimmune Diseases: Modulating the immune system to reduce pathological immune responses .
Research Applications

In research settings, recombinant IL-21 is used to study its effects on immune cells and to explore its potential therapeutic uses. It is commonly used in:

  • Cell Culture: To promote the differentiation and proliferation of immune cells.
  • Functional Assays: To investigate the signaling pathways and biological activities mediated by IL-21.
  • Animal Models: To study the in vivo effects of IL-21 in various disease models .

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