HMGB1 Human
High-Mobility Group Box 1 Human Recombinant
Cat. No.
BT21059
Source
Escherichia Coli.
Synonyms
HMG1, HMG3, SBP-1, Amphoterin, HMGB1, High-Mobility Group Box 1.
Appearance
Sterile Filtered White lyophilized (freeze-dried) powder.
Purity
Greater than 95.0% as determined by:
(a) Analysis by RP-HPLC.
(b) Analysis by SDS-PAGE.
(a) Analysis by RP-HPLC.
(b) Analysis by SDS-PAGE.
Usage
Prospec's products are furnished for LABORATORY RESEARCH USE ONLY. The product may not be used as drugs, agricultural or pesticidal products, food additives or household chemicals.
Shipped with Ice Packs 
In Stock 
Description
HMG1 Human Recombinant fused with 6X His tag produced in E.Coli is a single, non-glycosylated, polypeptide chain containing 223 amino acids and having a molecular mass of 26 kDa.
The HMGB-1 is purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.
The HMGB-1 is purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.
Product Specs
Introduction
High-mobility group box 1 protein (HMGB1), also called HMG-1 or amphoterin, belongs to the high mobility group box family of non-histone chromosomal proteins. The human HMGB1 protein is a 30 kDa, 215 amino acid (aa) single chain polypeptide. It consists of three domains: two positively charged DNA-binding domains at the N-terminal (HMG boxes A and B) each comprising 70 aa, and a negatively charged C-terminal region of 30 aa containing only Asp and Glu residues.4, 5 The NLS is located within residues 27 - 43 and 178 - 184. Posttranslational modifications, such as acetylation of up to 17 lysine residues, have been observed. HMGB1 is highly expressed in virtually all cells. Initially identified as a nuclear protein capable of bending DNA, this bending action contributes to nucleosome formation and regulates the expression of specific genes when recruited by DNA binding proteins.
Description
Recombinant human HMG1, fused with a 6X His tag, is produced in E. coli. This non-glycosylated polypeptide chain contains 223 amino acids, resulting in a molecular weight of 26 kDa. The purification of HMGB-1 is achieved using proprietary chromatographic techniques.
Physical Appearance
White, sterile-filtered powder, lyophilized (freeze-dried).
Formulation
Following extensive dialysis against 1x PBS at pH 7.4, the HMG1 (1mg/ml) solution undergoes lyophilization.
Solubility
For reconstitution of lyophilized HMGB1, sterile 18MΩ-cm H2O is recommended at a concentration of at least 100 µg/ml. This solution can be further diluted using other aqueous solutions as needed.
Stability
While lyophilized HMGB1 remains stable at room temperature for up to 3 weeks, it should be stored in a desiccated state at temperatures below -18°C. After reconstitution, store HMGB1 at 4°C for 2-7 days. For long-term storage, keep it at -18°C. Adding a carrier protein (0.1% HSA or BSA) is recommended for extended storage. Avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Purity
Purity exceeds 95.0% as determined by:
(a) Reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) analysis.
(b) Sodium dodecyl-sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) analysis.
Synonyms
HMG1, HMG3, SBP-1, Amphoterin, HMGB1, High-Mobility Group Box 1.
Source
Escherichia Coli.
Amino Acid Sequence
MGKGDPKKPRGKMSSYAFFVQTCREEHKKKHPDASVNFSEFSKKCSERW
KTMSAKEKGKFEDMAKADKARYEREMKTYIPPKGETKKKFKDPNAPKRPPS
AFFLFCSEYRPKIKGEHPGLSIGDVAKKLGEMWNNTAADDKQPYEKKAAKLK
EKYEKDIAAYRAKGKPDAAKKGVVKAEKSKKKKEEEEDEEDEEDEEEEEDEED
EDEEEDDDDELEHHHHHH
Product Science Overview
Structure and Function
HMGB1 contains two DNA-binding domains known as HMG boxes (A-box and B-box) and an acidic C-terminal tail . These domains allow HMGB1 to bind to DNA and facilitate various nuclear functions, including:
- Transcriptional Regulation: HMGB1 interacts with transcription factors and other regulatory proteins to modulate gene expression .
- DNA Repair: It plays a role in the repair of damaged DNA by stabilizing nucleosomes and facilitating the access of repair proteins .
- Chromatin Remodeling: HMGB1 helps in the assembly and disassembly of nucleosomes, thereby influencing chromatin structure and function .
Extracellular Functions
Clinical Significance
HMGB1 has been implicated in several pathological conditions, including cancer, sepsis, and autoimmune diseases . Its role in these conditions is attributed to its ability to modulate inflammation and immune responses. For instance:
- Cancer: HMGB1 can act as both an oncogene and a tumor suppressor, depending on the context. It regulates nucleosomal structure, DNA damage repair, and genomic stability within the cell, while also playing a role in immune cell functions .
- Sepsis: Elevated levels of extracellular HMGB1 are associated with the progression of sepsis, making it a potential therapeutic target .
- Autoimmune Diseases: HMGB1’s involvement in inflammatory processes makes it a key player in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases .
Recombinant HMGB1
Human recombinant HMGB1 is produced using recombinant DNA technology, which involves cloning the HMGB1 gene into an expression vector and introducing it into a host cell (such as E. coli) for protein production. This recombinant protein is used in various research applications to study its biological functions and potential therapeutic uses.
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