HIV-1 p24 antibody

HIV-1 p24 Mouse antibody
Cat. No.
BT7508
Source
Synonyms
Appearance
Purity
Usage
Prospec's products are furnished for LABORATORY RESEARCH USE ONLY. The product may not be used as drugs, agricultural or pesticidal products, food additives or household chemicals.
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Description

Product Specs

Introduction
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a type of virus known as a retrovirus. It weakens the body's defense system, making individuals vulnerable to infections. HIV attacks specific cells within the immune system, primarily a type of white blood cell known as a helper T cell (specifically CD4+ T cells), as well as macrophages and dendritic cells. The virus reduces the number of CD4+ T cells through three primary ways: directly killing infected cells, increasing the rate of programmed cell death (apoptosis) in infected cells, and enabling the destruction of infected CD4+ T cells by other immune cells called CD8 cytotoxic lymphocytes. When the CD4+ T cell count drops significantly, the body's ability to fight off infections is compromised, making individuals susceptible to a range of illnesses. HIV is classified as a lentivirus, belonging to the Retroviridae family. Lentiviruses share common characteristics in terms of their structure and behavior. They are known to cause long-lasting diseases with extended periods before symptoms appear. These viruses are transmitted as single-stranded, positive-sense RNA viruses enclosed within a protective envelope. Once inside a host cell, the virus's RNA genome is converted into double-stranded DNA by an enzyme called reverse transcriptase, which is carried within the virus particle. This viral DNA is then incorporated into the host cell's DNA using another viral enzyme called integrase, allowing the virus's genetic material to be transcribed. After infecting a cell, the virus can follow two paths: it can either remain dormant (latent) within the cell while the cell continues to function normally, or it can become active and replicate, producing a large quantity of new virus particles that can infect other cells.
Formulation
The antibody is supplied in a liquid solution containing 1 milligram of antibody per milliliter of phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) after it has been reconstituted.
Shipping Conditions
The antibody is shipped in a freeze-dried (lyophilized) form at room temperature.
Storage Procedures
For long-term storage in lyophilized form, keep at 4 degrees Celsius in a dry environment. After reconstitution, if not used within a month, divide into smaller portions and store at -20 degrees Celsius.
Solubility
To reconstitute the antibody, add sterile water (H2O). Mix the solution gently, ensuring the sides of the vial are rinsed, and allow it to sit undisturbed for 30-60 seconds before use.
Titer
When tested using a direct ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) against the recombinant gp24 protein, a 1:10,000 dilution of the antibody produces an optical density (O.D.) reading of 0.4. This measurement is taken using an alkaline phosphatase-conjugated rabbit anti-mouse immunoglobulin G (IgG) secondary antibody from Jackson Laboratories.
Purification Method
Ion exchange column.
Type
Mouse antibody Monoclonal.
Clone
YDHIV1gp24.
Immunogen
r.HIV-1p24.
Ig Subclass
mouse IgG1.

Product Science Overview

Introduction

HIV-1 p24 is a core protein of the Human Immunodeficiency Virus type 1 (HIV-1), which is a major causative agent of Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS). The p24 protein is a part of the Gag polyprotein and plays a crucial role in the assembly and maturation of the virus. Mouse antibodies against HIV-1 p24 are widely used in research and diagnostic applications due to their specificity and effectiveness in detecting the p24 antigen.

Structure and Function of HIV-1 p24

The p24 protein is a capsid protein that forms the conical core of the HIV-1 virion. It is composed of approximately 231 amino acids and has a molecular weight of around 24 kDa. The p24 protein is essential for the formation of the viral capsid, which encases the viral RNA and enzymes necessary for the replication of the virus. The protein is highly conserved among different HIV-1 strains, making it an ideal target for diagnostic assays .

Importance in HIV Diagnosis

The detection of p24 antigen is a critical component in the early diagnosis of HIV infection. The p24 antigen can be detected in the blood of infected individuals before the appearance of antibodies, making it a valuable marker for early HIV detection. The p24 antigen test is also used to monitor the viral load in patients undergoing antiretroviral therapy, as the levels of p24 correlate with the amount of virus present in the body .

Mouse Antibodies Against HIV-1 p24

Mouse antibodies against HIV-1 p24 are monoclonal antibodies produced by immunizing mice with the p24 protein. These antibodies are highly specific to the p24 antigen and are used in various immunoassays, including Western Blot, ELISA, Immunohistochemistry, and Immunofluorescence . The use of mouse antibodies allows for the precise detection and quantification of the p24 protein in different biological samples.

Applications in Research and Diagnostics
  1. Western Blot: Mouse antibodies against HIV-1 p24 are used in Western Blot assays to detect the presence of p24 protein in lysates of infected cells. This technique is commonly used in research to study the expression and processing of the Gag polyprotein.
  2. ELISA: Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) is a widely used technique for the quantitative detection of p24 antigen in serum or plasma samples. Mouse antibodies are used as capture and detection antibodies in these assays.
  3. Immunohistochemistry: This technique involves the use of mouse antibodies to detect p24 protein in tissue sections. It is used to study the distribution and localization of the virus in infected tissues.
  4. Immunofluorescence: Mouse antibodies conjugated with fluorescent dyes are used to visualize the p24 protein in infected cells under a fluorescence microscope. This technique is useful for studying the intracellular localization and trafficking of the virus .

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