IFNG Canine, His

Recombinant canine IFN-γ is a laboratory-produced version of the naturally occurring interferon-gamma in dogs. It is typically expressed in Escherichia coli to ensure high purity and yield. The recombinant protein is often tagged with a His tag (histidine tag) to facilitate purification and detection .

A His tag is a string of histidine residues (usually six) added to either the N- or C-terminus of a protein. This tag allows for easy purification using nickel affinity chromatography, as histidine has a high affinity for nickel ions. The His tag does not generally interfere with the protein’s function and can be removed if necessary.

Interferon-gamma has several key biological properties and functions:

• Antimicrobial and Antiviral Activity: IFN-γ activates effector immune cells and enhances antigen presentation, playing a crucial role in the body’s defense against pathogens .
• Antitumor Activity: It has been shown to have antitumor effects by activating immune cells that target and destroy cancer cells .
• Regulation of Immune Responses: IFN-γ is involved in the regulation of various immune responses, including the activation of macrophages and the promotion of Th1 responses .

The primary mode of action of IFN-γ involves signaling through the JAK-STAT pathway. Upon binding to its receptor (IFNGR1), the intracellular domain of IFNGR1 opens to allow the association of downstream signaling components such as JAK2, JAK1, and STAT1. This leads to the activation and nuclear translocation of STAT1, which in turn drives the transcription of IFN-γ-regulated genes .

Recombinant canine IFN-γ with a His tag is used in various research applications, including:

• SDS-PAGE and Mass Spectrometry (MS): For analyzing protein purity and molecular weight .
• Functional Studies: To study the biological effects of IFN-γ in vitro and in vivo .
• High-Throughput Screening: In drug discovery and development processes .