To prepare a working stock solution, it is advisable to add deionized water to achieve a concentration of approximately 0.5 mg/ml. Allow the lyophilized pellet to fully dissolve. Note that WFDC2 is not sterile. Prior to using it in cell culture, it is essential to filter the product through a suitable sterile filter.
WAP Four-Disulfide Core Domain 2 (WFDC2), also known as Human Epididymis Protein 4 (HE4), is a protein encoded by the WFDC2 gene. This protein is a member of the WFDC domain family, characterized by the presence of a WAP (Whey Acidic Protein) signature motif. The WFDC domain contains eight cysteines that form four disulfide bonds at the core of the protein, which is crucial for its structural stability and function .
The WFDC2 protein is a small secretory protein that functions primarily as a protease inhibitor. The presence of the WAP signature motif allows it to inhibit serine-type and cysteine-type endopeptidases, which are enzymes that break down proteins . This inhibitory function is essential in various physiological processes, including inflammation, immune response, and tissue remodeling.
WFDC2 is expressed in several tissues, including the pulmonary epithelial cells and the epididymis. It plays a role in sperm maturation and has been implicated in reproductive biology . Notably, WFDC2 is also overexpressed in certain types of cancers, particularly ovarian cancer. Due to its elevated levels in ovarian cancer, WFDC2 (HE4) is used as a biomarker for the diagnosis and monitoring of this disease .
Recombinant WFDC2 protein is produced using Escherichia coli (E. coli) expression systems. The recombinant protein is often tagged with a His (Histidine) tag to facilitate purification and detection. The His tag allows for easy purification using nickel-affinity chromatography, ensuring a high degree of purity (>95%) as determined by SDS-PAGE gel analyses .
Recombinant WFDC2 (His Tag) is used in various research applications, including: