TPO Human

Thyroid Peroxidase (TPO) is a crucial enzyme in the thyroid gland, playing a significant role in the synthesis of thyroid hormones. The recombinant form of this enzyme, known as Human Recombinant Thyroid Peroxidase (rTPO), is produced using advanced biotechnological methods to study its properties and applications.

Thyroid Peroxidase is a membrane-bound glycoprotein that belongs to the peroxidase family, specifically the XPO subfamily . It contains one EGF-like domain and one Sushi (CCP/SCR) domain . The enzyme is typically found as a homodimer with subunits of approximately 100 kDa molecular weight .

TPO is an integral apical membrane glycoprotein of thyroid follicular cells . It is responsible for the iodination of tyrosine residues in thyroglobulin, leading to the production of thyroid hormones such as thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3) . These hormones are essential for regulating metabolism, growth, and development.

Recombinant Human Thyroid Peroxidase is produced by expressing the extracellular domain of human TPO in insect cells . The recombinant protein is purified to homogeneity using specific monoclonal antibody-based affinity and ion exchange chromatography methods . The recombinant form retains immunochemical properties similar to the native antigen purified from human thyroid glands .

Thyroid Peroxidase is one of the main autoantigenic targets in autoimmune thyroid diseases such as Hashimoto’s thyroiditis and Graves’ disease . Anti-TPO autoantibodies are present in 90% of Hashimoto’s thyroiditis and 75% of Graves’ disease patients . Immunoassays for the quantification of these autoantibodies are widely used in clinical practice .

Recombinant Human Thyroid Peroxidase is utilized as an antigen in assays for the detection of TPO-specific autoantibodies in the blood of patients with autoimmune thyroid diseases . It is also used in research to study the enzyme’s structure, function, and role in thyroid hormone synthesis.